The process of defecation is a rather private matter and in society it is not customary to talk about it out loud, but what to do if problems arise with it. After all, in order to live a full life, a person not only needs to eat, breathe and sleep, but also empty his intestines. Therefore, if defecation begins to cause problems, you should contact.
In medicine, the term defecation or defecation is generally considered removal of feces from the intestines through the anus. People sometimes simply call this process “going to the toilet in a big way,” and call feces “stool,” especially in young children.
Normally, bowel movements should be painless and there should be no blood or mucus in the stool.
When asking the question about defecation, what it is, many do not know how often it should occur during normal bowel function. In order to avoid this issue in the future, a person should go to the toilet at least once a day, but bowel movements at least three times a week are also considered the norm.
In addition, it should be understood that bowel movements should be painless, and there should be no blood or mucus in the stool.
So, having found out what this act of defecation is, we can come to the conclusion that this process is vitally important and not a single living creature, including humans, can do without it.
The first time a person defecates is when he is an infant and in the womb. The stool that comes out of the body of a newly born baby is called meconium and is black in color. Children for the first 2-3 years of life go to the toilet a lot at the first urge, since they still cannot control this process, then they learn to suppress this desire, that is, to endure.
The act of defecation occurs in the following stages:
- First, food enters the stomach in crushed form, where it breaks down under the influence of acid and gastric juice.
- After some time, what remains of the food (chyme) will enter the small intestine.
- The chyme then moves to the large intestine.
- Then the formation of feces occurs, which creates a certain pressure and causes the desire to defecate.
The above points contain the physiology of the act of defecation. The process should be simple and natural. If a person begins to be tormented by a question, then this will be one of the reasons to consult a doctor.
What could be the process of defecation?
Having learned what defecation is in medicine, it is also worth finding out its frequency, types, what color and smell are normal and what are not. Normal stools are considered to be those that occur 1 to 3 times a day and those that occur 2-3 times a week, while a person should not feel heaviness in the abdomen, pain during the process of bowel movements,
Defecation due to constipation
The number of times a day or a week a person goes to the toilet largely depends on his age, weight, diet, lifestyle, but not on gender, as many people think.
Therefore, to the questions of what is defecation in men and female defecation, one can answer that this is the process of ridding the intestines of feces.
Also, many are interested in what the consistency of stool should be. Doctors believe that stool should be formed, consisting of 70 percent liquid, and the remaining 30 will be food particles, dead intestinal cells, etc. Deviation from the norm is:
- Watery stool.
- Feces in the form of peas.
- Oily stool.
- Liquid, pasty stool.
All this suggests that a person has some kind of nutritional errors, for example, consumes too much dairy products, does not eat fruits or vegetables, or has gastrointestinal diseases.
Possible deviations
A person may be bothered by such a phenomenon as constipation, that is, the formation of thick stool that is difficult to push out. Factors that may contribute to this problem include:
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Poor diet, lack of fruits and vegetables.
- Abuse of alcohol, fatty and spicy foods, smoked meats and marinades.
In order to get rid of constipation, you must adhere to proper nutrition, lead a more active lifestyle, you may need to use any medications that a proctologist can prescribe. You should also understand that you can’t joke with constipation, as it can trigger the development of hemorrhoids.
Another deviation from the normal bowel movement process may be the opposite of constipation, that is, diarrhea or diarrhea. Diarrhea is considered to be stool more than three times a day. The reasons for this phenomenon may be the following:
- Food allergy to any medicine or product.
- Untreated water used for drinking.
- Infection.
- Nervous breakdown.
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and rectum.
Diarrhea is a deviation from the normal bowel movement process
You should get rid of diarrhea as soon as possible, as it contributes to a number of complications. Today, modern pharmaceuticals offer a wide range of remedies for this disease, varying in price.
The doctor will help you choose the right drug, taking into account the physiological characteristics of the patient and the nature of the disease.
The process of bowel movements occurs differently in people, most people empty their bowels within 5 minutes, this phenomenon is called one-step bowel movement. Other people take a little longer to do this.
There is also a phenomenon spontaneous defecation, which is more typical for child's body due to the fact that their intestines are not yet adapted to hold back, just like nervous system, cannot yet give signals that it is necessary to restrain his desire for any reason.
The process of defecation in children
The mechanism of bowel movements occurs in approximately the same way in adults and children. But, children usually go to the toilet when they feel a natural urge, while the place and time are absolutely indifferent to them, this is the main difference between the process of adult and child defecation. An adult can almost always restrain his desire to void and go to the toilet, but a child cannot.
The frequency of stool in newborns may be different than in adults, especially in the first year of life., since the baby can go to the toilet up to 10 times a day, that is, after each feeding with breast milk. With the introduction of complementary foods, the frequency of bowel movements changes; the child may begin to go to the toilet 1 or 2 times a day.
The consistency of stool in babies of the first year of life who are breastfed or bottle-fed is predominantly liquid or mushy; the stool cannot yet be called formed. Color yellow or mustard. The smell should be natural and not too unpleasant, since a sour smell indicates an infection in the baby’s body.
If you have frequent problems with bowel movements, you should consult a doctor.
Also, the baby should not experience such phenomena as constipation or diarrhea. If this happens, it is necessary to change baby food (milk formula) or the nursing mother to reconsider her diet. If the problems persist, the child should be shown to a doctor and have stool tested.
Conclusion
Despite the fact that this process is personal and not usually talked about, it is an important part of a person’s life, from infancy to the end of his days.
There should be no problems with this, and if they arise, do not hesitate to seek help from a doctor in order to avoid complications and not provoke the development of diseases of the intestines and rectum.
Due to anatomical features, the human body gets rid of processed food through the anus. In medicine, this phenomenon is called the act of defecation.
In a healthy body, this process is carried out once a day. How often you go to the toilet affects stool consistency. The less often a person empties the rectum, the harder the stool.
The process of waste elimination is controlled by the central nervous system. When feces move from the sigmoid region into the ampulla of the rectum, a person feels the urge to empty it. He can control this process starting from 1.5 years.
Stool disorders and their causes
In medicine, cases have been recorded when the intestinal mucosa was damaged under the influence of its contents. The person was diagnosed with peritonitis, which was fatal.
Many disorders are the result of serious pathologies. Any disease requires the attention of an experienced doctor. After a medical examination and based on test results, he will make an accurate diagnosis.
Provoking factors:
- diseases of a gastroenterological and proctological nature;
- the development of inflammatory and ulcerative processes affecting the stomach, intestines, liver and bile ducts;
- intestinal infection, helminths;
- hemorrhoids or anal fissures;
- paraproctitis;
- colon prolapse;
- chronic pathological processes in the stomach and intestines.
The development of malignant cells can cause pain and difficulty in excreting feces. Persistent constipation, when a person cannot go to the toilet for a long time, is caused by diseases of a psychoneurological or vertebroneurological nature.
Against the background of developing pathological processes, muscle tone and intestinal motility are disrupted. Problems in the functioning of the neural conduction system are diagnosed.
Causes of diarrhea
In most cases, problems with bowel movements occur due to poor nutrition. But the constant nature of the disturbances indicates the development of a serious pathology. The main causes of diarrhea are:
- Infection in the intestines. Food poisoning or salmonellosis, cholera.
- Autoimmune pathologies of the digestive system.
- Cancerous tumors in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Pancreatitis in the chronic stage. The pathology is accompanied by insufficient production of enzymes that are necessary for the proper digestive process.
Irritable bowel syndrome may be the cause of abnormal bowel movements. The nervous regulation of the digestive organs is disrupted.
Causes of constipation
Rare bowel movements are observed after eating foods with large amounts of fats and refined sugar.
The diet should contain vegetables and fruits with fiber of plant origin. They facilitate the movement of food through the stomach and intestines. Thanks to them, feces are formed.
Other causes of infrequent bowel movements:
- Low fluid consumption.
- Irritable bowel syndrome. During spasms of its walls, the movement of feces slows down. This is how a person develops constipation.
- Rarely visiting the toilet. Many people ignore the urge to defecate when they are busy at work or avoid going to the public toilet. After a while they become constipated.
- Laxatives in large quantities. When the intestines become accustomed to medications, their walls stop contracting, which leads to constipation.
- Disturbed hormonal levels. For example, problems with the thyroid gland. A decrease in the production of its hormones leads to the development of hypothyroidism. In case of failures hormonal levels People diagnosed with diabetes and pregnant women suffer from constipation.
- Pathologies associated with the functioning of the nervous system. This also applies to the spinal cord and its damage. Patients with multiple sclerosis, malignant neoplasms, after stroke attacks.
- Illnesses that interfere with work gastro- intestinal tract. We are talking about stomach ulcers and duodenum, chronic pancreatitis.
- Vascular atherosclerosis. Pathological processes disrupt the functioning of the circulatory system in the intestinal area. Its peristalsis and movement of contents slows down.
- Hemorrhoids, anal fissures. Defecation is disrupted and spasm of the rectal sphincter occurs.
Problems with bowel movements occur due to mechanical obstructions. There may be tumors, adhesions or scars in the lumen of the colon.
Defecation norms
The frequency of stool should be at least 1 time per day. Experts warn their patients that a delay of 32 hours indicates the development of constipation.
In many ways, defecation depends on a person’s lifestyle. 70% of the population visit the toilet and have bowel movements every day, 25% of them remove feces from the intestines several times a day. There is a category of people (5%) who have stool less than once a day.
Normally, the process of bowel movements in adults and children is observed from 3 times per day to 1 time over two days. With regular disruption of normal bowel movements, constipation develops.
During the process of cleansing the intestines, a person strains. This is a normal phenomenon if it takes up no more than 20% of the total time of excretion of feces. If straining requires strong muscle tension abdominal cavity or additional stimulation of the anus, this indicates the development of constipation.
One of the indicators of rare bowel movements in a child or adult is hard stool. The main reason for violations is low content fluids in the human body.
Normally, water makes up up to 70% of feces. The remaining percentage comes from processed food, dead intestinal cells and dead pathogens.
In many ways, the act of defecation depends on a person’s nutrition. The color of the colon contents should be brown. A dark shade indicates a disturbance in the digestive process or the development of constipation. Light-colored feces are a consequence of increased contraction of the intestinal walls.
As for the appearance of feces, a cylindrical shape is considered normal. The smell is pronounced, but not pungent. It all depends on the composition of the foods eaten, as well as the processes of rotting and fermentation.
Often the excretion of feces is accompanied by gases. It is a natural byproduct of the fermentation and digestion process of food..
Bowel movements are affected by diet, the quality and quantity of food, and how regularly a person eats.
When the first signs of a disorder appear, you cannot postpone a visit to a specialist. It is necessary to undergo a full medical examination and treatment to prevent the development of the consequences of constipation and complications.
Section materials
The appearance of any inclusions in the stool is almost always a symptom of a pathology of the digestive system. Bloody diarrhea indicates possible problems with intestines, hemorrhoids, cancer. In each specific case, it is necessary to look for the cause of this condition. Such selections cannot be ignored.
Diarrhea in a nursing mother is a fairly common occurrence, since there are many reasons for its occurrence. Intestinal upset may not be long-lasting and may pass quickly. Sometimes the problem is considered a sign of a dangerous disease that provokes the development of severe complications.
Diarrhea after removal of the gallbladder is observed in all patients postoperatively. The cause is liver secretion, which directly enters the intestines. It will take time to restore the body and normalize stool in the new conditions.
Diarrhea can cause a lot of discomfort. Often its appearance is due to disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Diarrhea with mucus may indicate the development of a serious illness. Even if such symptoms are noted once, it is necessary to determine the reasons for its occurrence and take measures aimed at eliminating the problem.
There are a huge number of folk remedies that help get rid of diarrhea. Vodka with salt is often used. Thanks to its use, it is possible to quickly eliminate unpleasant symptoms. The main thing is not to abuse the unusual medicine and prepare the medicine strictly according to certain rules.
Gastrointestinal disturbances and diarrhea are a common problem that both adults and children have to face. To eliminate unpleasant symptoms, medications are often used. Traditional medicine recipes will also help. Rice water is effective against diarrhea. It can be used by people of all ages. The main thing is to adhere to certain rules.
Yellow diarrhea in a child is a sign of the development of a disease in the intestines. Diarrhea can be caused by improper digestion of food, poisoning, or taking medications. Loose stools in children require immediate treatment.
The appearance of diarrhea on early stages Pregnancy is a problem that almost all women face. There are several reasons for the problem: from viral infection before poisoning with dangerous chemicals. While expecting a baby, diarrhea contributes to disruption of water-salt metabolism, which is dangerous for the developing fetus.
Antibiotics - potent drugs wide range actions that are used for treatment bacterial infections. They inhibit the development of pathogenic microflora, but also affect beneficial microorganisms that help the digestion process in the intestines. Therefore, patients often experience diarrhea after antibiotics.
Diarrhea is an unpleasant condition that anyone can encounter at any time. Diarrhea poses a serious danger to the human body, as it can provoke severe dehydration, exacerbation of diseases occurring in chronic form, and a number of other problems.
When diarrhea becomes prolonged and folk remedies are no longer able to stop loose stools, drastic measures have to be sought. In severe forms, it is difficult to do without antibiotics. For some patients, doctors prescribe Levomycetin for diarrhea, the use of which has its own characteristics.
Intestinal upset, manifested by diarrhea, is very dangerous for a small child because it can cause severe dehydration. Using rice water for diarrhea in a child can quickly relieve frequent and loose bowel movements and thereby restore water and salt balance. And for the product to be beneficial, it must be prepared and drunk correctly.
Almost everyone experiences such an unpleasant symptom as diarrhea (diarrhea). If he is not burdened severe pain, vomiting and other aggravating factors, ways to independently get rid of the problem are allowed. You can buy anti-diarrhea tablets at any pharmacy.
The intestines contain opportunistic microorganisms and lactobacilli, which form natural microflora. If the balance is disturbed, diarrhea occurs. In case of diarrhea, it is recommended to identify the cause of the condition, and only then begin therapy. One of the drugs chosen for treatment is Linex.
Potassium permanganate for diarrhea is used at home as an antiseptic. The cause of indigestion is poisoning, viral infections, and stress. Potassium permanganate copes with the causative agent of diarrhea and acts as a sorbent.
Diarrhea (as doctors officially call diarrhea) is a protective manifestation of the body against poisoning and severe digestive upset as a result of certain abnormalities. In mild forms, everything gets better in a couple of days. However, in older people and young children (especially infants), diarrhea can become prolonged and lead to serious consequences. Along with medicinal medications, chamomile will help with diarrhea.
Diarrhea in the morning happens quite often. Sometimes people do not even realize that it can be caused by serious disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and perceive diarrhea as a common occurrence. However, the cause of morning indigestion may be a medical condition that requires immediate treatment.
In the absence of pathological processes, the intestinal lumen of a healthy person contains a large number of bacteria. They provide normal microflora involved in the process of food digestion, and also provide the body with important microelements and vitamins. Some bacteria are considered completely harmless, while others are considered opportunistic.
A change in the color of human feces serves as a kind of indicator of health, but the reasons for such changes are not always associated with pathological conditions or diseases. Black stool may indicate bleeding and may be completely harmless if you eat certain foods or medicines.
The color and consistency of a child's stool can be used to judge the state of his health. For example, liquid foamy discharge indicates an intestinal or viral infection. Steatorrhea in a child is manifested by the release of excess fat along with feces. The pathology can occur in newborns and older children. This condition requires special attention from parents and the attending physician.
Oncological diseases cause a lot of suffering to the patient. The treatment is complex, lengthy and painful. Many people experience diarrhea after chemotherapy. Frequent loose stools cause dehydration. Nutrients, vitamins and microelements are washed out along with water, which negatively affects the patient.
Diarrhea occurs for various reasons, and one of them is the treatment of diseases with potent bacteriostatic drugs. The list of side complications when taking these medications also includes diarrhea after antibiotics in a child. This reaction does not occur in all children, but it seriously complicates the therapy.
Simultaneous belching and diarrhea indicate disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Often such changes signal development serious illnesses Therefore, it is important to promptly identify the cause of unpleasant symptoms and begin treatment immediately.
Situations when light-colored feces appear in an adult do not always indicate the development of any pathological process. Often the causes may include changes in diet or the use of certain medications. Despite this, if appropriate clinical symptoms occur, you should immediately seek advice from a specialist.
Diarrhea in an adult can develop for various reasons. Regardless of the factor that provoked this condition, loose stools must be eliminated as soon as possible to avoid complications. During this period, a diet for diarrhea is mandatory. It’s worth figuring out what you can eat during this period and what foods you should avoid.
Diabetes refers to endocrine diseases and is often accompanied by the development of secondary pathologies affecting various systems of the human body. Therefore, when asked whether patients can have diarrhea with this condition, most experts confidently say yes.
Doctors call diarrhea after eating functional diarrhea. This is a fairly common phenomenon that significantly affects the quality of life. Such changes can be provoked by both unfavorable factors and serious pathologies. It is extremely important to promptly identify the cause of such symptoms in order to eliminate the problem and avoid the development of complications.
The consistency and color of stool allows us to judge the state of the human body. In healthy people, stool is brown in color and has a uniform structure. Bile in the stool gives it a yellow tint, and this condition is considered a pathology.
Diarrhea may appear suddenly. Taking medications without a doctor's prescription is not always justified or safe. In this case, herbs will help with diarrhea. They are brewed and drunk like regular tea. So natural medicine has practically no adverse reactions, and the effect of use is no less pronounced than that of medications.
Starch in a child’s stool is a sign of a disease developing in the digestive system. The phenomenon is designated by the term “amilorrhea”. But a symptom does not always indicate a pathology. In some cases, this is a natural phenomenon that does not require therapeutic measures. When to sound the alarm, and in what cases there is no need to worry - more about this in the article.
For diarrhea and systemic intestinal disorders, use foods that strengthen the stool. But for some categories of people suffering from constipation or intestinal obstruction, they are contraindicated. It is important for a person to know what foods affect his digestion and consume them taking into account the characteristics of the body.
One of the most common gastrointestinal diseases is irritable bowel syndrome. It can manifest itself as constipation and frequent changes in the consistency of stool. IBS with diarrhea is often observed. It is worth understanding why loose stools are observed and how to cope with the problem.
Despite the fact that the digestive tract of an adult has the ability to adapt, it reacts to certain foods with diarrhea. Diarrhea is often observed after fatty foods. It is worth understanding the reasons for its occurrence, as well as ways to eliminate the problem.
The composition of feces can determine a person's health status. It is important to take into account their consistency, smell and color. When black diarrhea appears and does not disappear for a long time, you need to seek help from a specialist who will determine the main cause of the pathology and select an effective treatment.
Loose stools (diarrhea) are a common occurrence experienced by both adults and children. The reasons are different: from gastrointestinal diseases to conditions affecting the nervous system. Due to this, the treatment is also different. In the absence of fever, pain in the epigastric region, impurities in the stool, you can limit yourself to folk remedies, for example, by drinking regular tea. You can find out how to properly brew a remedy for diarrhea and drink the drink in this article.
In this article we will reveal a phenomenon that a healthy person encounters almost every day. However, not many people know that this is defecation. Let's get acquainted with the features of the process, as well as possible deviations in the functioning of the body, which it helps to detect.
Defecation - what is it: definition
Defecation - emptying the rectum, defecation, stool. The word comes from Lat. defecatio.
What is defecation? The process of a living being's body excreting feces (undigested food debris) from the digestive tract through the anus. In humans, through the rectum.
For each of us, this process is an indicator of health, correct or incorrect lifestyle. It is directly affected by internal pathologies, food harmful to the body, infectious diseases.
The process of defecation
Let's look at the process from a physiological point of view. The path of food is:
- From oral cavity The food crushed by the teeth passes through the esophagus into the stomach. There, under the influence of hydrochloric acid and certain enzymes, it begins to break down and be digested.
- The resulting pulp (chyme) then enters the small intestine. Its villi will absorb nutrients from the chyme mass.
- Next, the pulp enters the large intestine. Here the moisture is sucked out of it.
- The next stage is the rectum. Here is the chyme who gave everything beneficial to the body, becomes an unnecessary mass - feces. He presses on the rectum, relaxing its sphincters. The consequence is that a person feels the desire to empty his bowels.
Interestingly, the process of defecation itself occurs differently in people:
- 70% - immediate bowel movement. The process takes 1-3 minutes. Achieved by 1-3 tensions of the muscles of the pelvis and abdomen.
- 30% - two-, multi-stage bowel movement. The process can take from a few minutes to half an hour. Feces are expelled (as the name suggests) in two or more stages. This type of bowel movement is considered normal, but creates preconditions for the development of diseases vascular system. There are even statistical data: 3.5% of strokes and 10% of heart attacks occur during this type of bowel movement.
First bowel movement
The first bowel movement occurs in the mother's womb. At this time the act is still unconscious. The original stool will be called meconium. This is a black, resinous substance that is excreted from the mother’s body naturally.
Until the age of 2-3 years, a child cannot yet restrain the urge to defecate, defecating at first desire. At an older age, a healthy person keeps this process under control.
Criteria for normal bowel movements
Defecation - what is it? As we have already said, one of the indicators of a person’s health status. Here are its normal criteria:
- Periodicity. Depending on the characteristics of the person - from 1-3 times a day to 2-3 times a week.
- The act is painless.
- The fact of defecation does not affect overall well-being.
However, more specific characteristics will also be important - color, consistency, smell, etc. Let's look at this in detail.
Frequency
Stool and defecation are individual indicators. The frequency of the act depends on the characteristics of a particular person, his age, and nutrition.
Let's look at some general indicators.
- Children under 0.5 years old. They can defecate up to 10 times a day - directly related to the type of feeding of the child. If the baby is fed breast milk, then he will have a bowel movement after each feeding (after about 2-3 hours). But at the same time, the child will feel quite good if he has not walked “in a big way” for 5-7 days. If the baby eats formula, then he has bowel movements 1-2 times a day.
- At 4-6 months, mothers begin to introduce complementary foods to their children. After this, the number of daily bowel movements in the child decreases.
- The norm for an adult is 1-3 times a day. However, there is no reason to worry if the process occurs only every 2-3 days, but you still feel good.
Consistency
We examined the concept of "defecation". To be aware of the state of health, it is necessary to pay attention to the excreted feces, especially for mothers of babies.
The norm for a person will be a well-formed mass without foreign impurities. Typically, it will be 70% liquid. The remaining 30% are the remains of digested food, waste products of the intestinal microflora, and dead cells of the tract walls.
The following consistency is considered a deviation:
- Heterogeneous, watery. In most cases, it indicates excessive fluid intake. However, if the mass is supplemented with foam, this indicates the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the chyme.
- A liquid mass with a consistency similar to gruel. Also, in the vast majority of cases it will not be a cause for concern. This is a sign that a person consumes a large amount of plant and dairy products. It is also typical for an organism with a high rate of peristalsis.
- Loose and oily stools. This indicates that there are fats in the stool. This is observed in diseases of the gallbladder, liver, celiac disease (congenital intolerance of the body to gluten).
- Dense, lumpy masses, small discharge in the shape of a nut, pea. The result of intestinal spasm, lack of fluid in the body or abuse of protein foods.
Smell
Yes, it makes stool noise. bad smell. This is a consequence of the process of decomposition of proteins and fats in the mass. However, if the smell is not only unpleasant, but also pungent, it may be a sign of a pathological process.
Here are some cases:
- Sour smell. May be caused by abuse of foods and drinks that cause fermentation. Another reason - intestinal infections.
- Putrid smell. Characteristic for periods of prolonged constipation. It may indicate pathological processes affecting the intestinal mucosa.
- Pungent, somewhat reminiscent of acetone. An alarming sign of heavy stress on the liver, release of bile. It is typical for alcohol abuse and for a period of long-term drug treatment.
There are times when stool has virtually no odor. This occurs when the intestines contract quickly or when food passes through the gastrointestinal tract during a short period of time.
Color
The shade of the masses released during bowel movements may vary. For humans, the norm is from light yellow to brown. It all depends on your preferred food. For example, children who are fed breast milk, as well as adults who love dairy foods, will have a yellowish tint. For those who prefer meat dishes, it is dark brown.
Sharp changes in the shade of stool are also a consequence of any disturbances in the body. Let's take a quick look at them.
- Black color. Very danger sign- may indicate bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, in its upper sections - the esophagus or stomach. But if, for example, you took a pill activated carbon, then this will not be a cause for concern - the product has colored the stool black.
- Greenish-brown color. It will indicate an excess of iron in the body.
- Green color. A sign of developing dysbiosis.
- Reddish, burgundy color. This is also a very alarming sign - it indicates bleeding. But already in the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract - the large intestine. But there is no reason to worry if you have recently eaten something rich red or burgundy. For example, beetroot side dish.
- Bright orange color. It indicates both an excess of beta-carotene in the body and that you recently ate too much pumpkin or carrots.
- Light yellow color. Consequence of gallbladder pathologies, diarrhea.
- White (or another shade, but still very light). It is a sign of liver or pancreas disease.
Deviations in the functioning of the body associated with defecation
The most common symptoms here are diarrhea and constipation. Let's look at them briefly.
Constipation is a delay in defecation for more than 2 days. It is accompanied by the following:
- weakness, deterioration of health;
- irritability;
- flatulence;
- bloating;
- pain in the abdominal area;
- sleep disturbance.
Diarrhea is the reverse disorder of the bowel movement process. This is already loose stool, the frequency of which is more than 5 times a day. May be accompanied by the following symptoms:
- stomach ache;
- nausea;
- gagging;
- increase in body temperature.
If disorders are accompanied by high fever, blood or mucus in the stool, then this warning signs! Seek help from a specialist as soon as possible.
We have considered that this is defecation; the definition of the process is already familiar to the reader. The act will be a constant companion to the life of the body. It also allows us to judge pathological dysfunctions internal organs.
More detailed study physiology of the rectum showed that people have two main types of defecation: one-stage and two-stage. A survey of several thousand healthy and sick people showed that approximately 70% of healthy people have a single-stage bowel movement, 20% have a two-stage bowel movement, and 10% have a mixed and indeterminate type of bowel movement.
With simultaneous defecation a person, with two or three tensions of the abdominal press, throws out the contents accumulated in the rectum and sigmoid colon. This whole process takes 3-4 minutes.
Two-stage defecation consists in the fact that the first portion of feces is first ejected from the rectum. But the person is left with a feeling of unfinished bowel movement. He tries to expel the contents of the distal colon through repeated, intense, long-term contractions of the abdominal press. In this case, the rectum is often empty, and the contents are located in the sigmoid colon, outside the central axis of pressure of the abdominal forces on the pelvic organs. After some time (5-7-10 minutes or more), the next peristaltic wave moves the intestinal contents from the sigmoid colon to the rectum, and it is expelled through the anus by one of the next abdominal tensions.
For some people intestinal contents is delivered in 3-4 portions (three-, four-, multi-stage defecation), and this whole process takes up to 10-15-30 minutes or more.
X-ray observations of E. N. Semushkina-Tikhomirova showed that with simultaneous defecation after several abdominal tensions, the rectum and sigmoid colon are freed from feces, and the contents of the rest of the colon move somewhat to the left. With two-stage defecation, only the rectum is emptied first. Only in the second, and sometimes in the third and even fourth moment, the intestinal contents, after moving by peristaltic waves into the rectum, are released in portions beyond the anal ring. We observed several people who considered themselves completely healthy, who throughout their entire lives, as far as they can remember, had bowel movements in four portions.
After two or multi-stage defecation The radiological picture is the same as after a single-stage defecation - emptying of the rectum and sigmoid colon, as well as some movement of the feces remaining in the colon to the left.
Abdominal contraction in individuals with two-stage defecation and repeated, intense straining between periods of ejection of intestinal masses with an empty rectum, a relaxed open sphincter of the anus contributes to the reverse flow of blood from the broad veins of the abdominal cavity into the valveless pelvic and hemorrhoidal veins, tension of the suspensory apparatus of the rectum, and its lowering. As a result, diseases such as hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, fissures, and paraproctitis may develop.
The study of this issue in clinical practice has shown that if among healthy people immediate defecation occurs in 70%, two- and myomomentary - in 20%, mixed and undefined in 10%, then among those suffering from proctological diseases (Sh. B. Dolinko), one-stage defecation was observed in 31.8%, two- and myomomentum - in 68.2% of patients. These data are even more revealing for certain diseases. Thus, of the number of people suffering from hemorrhoids, about 90% had two-stage defecation (A. G. Khitova, Yu. V. Timokhin), among patients with rectal prolapse - 73.4% (Yu. I. Malyshev), among those suffering from paraproctitis - 72.2% (N. M. Blinchev), cracks - 51.5% (Yu. A. Perov).
Anatomy of the anal canal: 1 - circular muscle; 2 - longitudinal muscle;3 - supralevator space; 4 - muscle that lifts the ani;
5 - anorectal connection; 6 - puborectalis muscle;
7 - transition zone; 8 - jagged line;
9 - internal sphincter; 10 - external sphincter;
11 - intersphincteric space; 12 - anus;
13 - scallop; 14 - anal gland.
where C is compliance (adaptive ability of the rectum), u is stool viscosity, L is the length of the anal canal, Pmax is the maximum pressure, r is the radius of the anal canal and Vrectum is the volume of the rectum.
V. N. Shabaev showed that during tension abdominal pressure during bowel movements quite significant occurs - at 30-50 and even 125 mm Hg. Art., increase blood pressure, i.e. the maximum blood pressure at these moments in a healthy person can reach 240-250 mm Hg. Art. After defecation, blood pressure decreases and returns to normal within a period of 3-5 minutes to 1 hour. Higher blood pressure levels and longer periods of its increase were noted in individuals with two-stage defecation.
Ya. A. Kachimov researched rectal pressure apparatus designed by him. At the moment of the highest abdominal tension, this pressure rose to 200 mm Hg. Art. and higher.
V. N. Shabaev showed that from total number patients (among 200 observations) with myocardial infarction The disaster in 10.5% occurred during defecation. And out of 100 patients with cerebral stroke, in 3%, cerebral hemorrhage also occurred during defecation, and in another 4%, as a result of defecation, the course of the disease worsened. Thus, two-stage defecation can, on the one hand, contribute to the development of certain diseases of the rectum. This is especially the case in people suffering from hemorrhoids. On the other hand, intense, prolonged, two-stage defecation in elderly people suffering from arteriosclerosis of internal organs can be a direct cause of such serious diseases as myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. From these observations the following conclusions can be drawn.
Two-stage defecation both in healthy people and especially in patients suffering from proctological and other diseases, it is undesirable, harmful, and contributes to the development of many diseases. Therefore, it needs to be replaced by a one-time act of defecation. This is not always easy to do, since the main types of bowel movements are developed from early childhood.
One kind or another emptying, as the observations of L.V. Loginova-Katricheva showed, begins to form from childhood and is consolidated as a conditioned reflex. However, if you explain to a person what one- and two- or myomomentary defecation is and the harm of this latter, then he can, through the efforts of his will, restore a more natural, harmless, one-time act of defecation.
Two-stage defecation is not only a variant of the norm, but also a threshold of pathology, since this type of bowel movement can contribute to the development of certain diseases of the rectum. With two-stage defecation, the presence of feces in the sigmoid colon is felt as a feeling of unfinished bowel movement. The presence of feces in the sigmoid colon usually does not cause a reflex of the urge to defecate transmitted to the cerebral cortex. And in persons with two-stage defecation, such additional cortico-visceral connections exist.
X-ray rectal examination does not reveal differences after one-stage and two-stage defecation, when the first portion of feces has passed. In both cases, traces of feces remain in the rectum and noticeable remains in the sigmoid colon. A person with one-stage defecation considers the act of defecation completed, while a person with two-stage defecation experiences a feeling of an unfinished act of bowel movement. Obviously, the difference in sensations and behavior depends on the unequal cortical perception of irritations emanating from the rectum to the sigmoid colon.
Everything stated about one and two-stage defecation shows that one-stage defecation is the norm to which one should strive, and two-stage defecation is an introduction to pathology and should be avoided. To prevent diseases of the rectum, and in the presence of these diseases, to prevent them from progressing, you should try to replace two-stage bowel movements with one-stage ones.
Many more questions physiology of the rectum were subjected to detailed study in our clinic. These include the physiology of defecation in children, the anal reflex, and absorption from the rectum. Let's briefly look at these issues.
L. V. Loginova-Katricheva studied physiology of defecation in 112 children early age- up to 3 years old, among them there were 50 boys, 62 girls; under the age of 1 year - 81, of which 28 are newborns. The first bowel movement in 4/5 children occurs in the first half of the day, in 1/5 - in the second half of the day after birth. In the next 8-9 days there are from 2 to 6 bowel movements. In the first 3 years of life, children have 2-3-4 bowel movements per day.
- (lat.). Purification of sugar from impurities during sugar making. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. DEFECATION purification of sugar by saturating beet juice with lime. A complete dictionary of foreign words... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Emptying Dictionary of Russian synonyms. defecation noun, number of synonyms: 8 deection (2) ... Synonym dictionary
defecation- and, f. defécation f. lat. defaecatio lat. faex sediment, sludge, thick. 1. In sugar production, purification of raw beet juice from foreign impurities using lime and carbon dioxide. SIS 1985. And now a new worm has gotten into my head...
Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language - (from Lat. defaecatio cleansing) reflex removal from the digestive tract of food residues not absorbed by the body; in mammals and humans, rectal emptying of feces. The defecation reflex center is in the lumbar spinal cord...
Big Encyclopedic Dictionary Female, lat. the first purification of raw beet juice with lime, in a defecation boiler, when cooking sugar. Male defect incomplete, incomplete, flawed, damaged, lost; | a book in which part or leaves are missing; | mor. inventory of damage... ... Dictionary
Dahl DEFECATION - (excretiofaecum), the natural act of removing feces from the body through the rectum. Gut contents coming from small intestine in a thick one, stays in it for 12 hours. In the large intestine, the contents become denser and in the lower segment of the colonis... ...
defecation Great Medical Encyclopedia - - Topics of biotechnology EN evacuation...
Technical Translator's Guide AND; and. [lat. defaecatio] Honey. Bowel movement, removal of feces. * * * defecation (from Latin defaecatio cleansing), reflex removal from the digestive tract of food residues not absorbed by the body; in mammals and humans...
defecation encyclopedic Dictionary - defekavimas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Pramoninis cukrinių runkelių sulčių gryninimas gesintomis kalkėmis. atitikmenys: engl. defecation; liming rus. defecation...
Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas - (defaecatio; lat. cleansing, from de + faex, faecis sediment, thick) complex reflex act of removing feces from the intestines through the anus ... Big
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