Kosolapovskaya correctional (general education) boarding school for students, pupils of the VIII type
Report
on the topic
FORMATION OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF HEALTHY LIFE IN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Prepared by teacher: S.V. Chirkov
Kosolapovo 2011
Preserving and strengthening the health of children is one of the main strategic objectives of the country. It is regulated and ensured by such regulatory documents as the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (Article 51), “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population”, as well as Decrees of the President of Russia “On Urgent Measures to Ensure the Health of the Population of the Russian Federation”, “ On approval of the main directions of state social policy to improve the situation of children in the Russian Federation”, etc.
It is well known that human health depends 20% on hereditary factors, 20% on the natural environment, 7–10% on the level of healthcare and 50% on a person’s lifestyle.
In this regard, the problem of maintaining health and fostering a culture of healthy lifestyle in children is extremely relevant.
Human health is a very complex phenomenon of universal and individual existence. Today there is no doubt that it is complex, because it depends on the interaction of many complex factors of physical and mental, social and individual nature, and often of a philosophical nature.
Health is “a dynamic state (process) of preservation and development of biological, physiological and mental functions, optimal working capacity and social activity with maximum life expectancy.”
Health represents a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and developmental defects.
Lifestyle is a set of specific forms of human activity in all spheres of public life.
A healthy lifestyle is a way and organization of the physical, social and spiritual life of people, ensuring their effective development, performance and active longevity. This is a socially and historically determined idea of health, as well as the means and methods of its integration into practical life.
Health promotion is a system of individual and public activities aimed at improving the healthy lifestyle of individuals and society.
Health is defined as the normal state of the body, in which all its organs function correctly. With the development of society and various sciences, this concept was filled with new content, and the definition of “healthy” began to be correlated with a person’s lifestyle, his spiritual development and mental state.
A new definition was formulated by the World Health Organization: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.”
Currently, the system of human sciences uses the following definitions of the concept of “human health”:
Harmonious unity of biological and social qualities determined by congenital and acquired biological and social phenomena (Yu.P. Lisitsyn);
The process of preserving and developing his biological, physiological and psychological capabilities, optimal social activity with maximum life expectancy (V.P. Kaznacheev);
As the ability of the human body to adapt to changes in the environment, interacting with it freely, based on the biological, mental and social essence of man (P.M. Baevsky, P. Mikhailov, M. Popov);
A holistic multidimensional dynamic state (including its positive and negative indicators), developing in the process of realizing genetic potential in a specific social and ecological environment and allowing a person to perform his biological and social functions to varying degrees (R.I. Aizman, V.P. Kaznacheev , A.G. Shchedrin).
Returning to the definition of the concept of “healthy lifestyle”, we can highlight the most complete definitions of this concept:
1. A healthy lifestyle is a system of views that develops in the process of life under the influence of various factors on the problem of health as a specific expression of a person’s capabilities in achieving any goal he sets;
2. A healthy lifestyle is a person’s established way of organizing the production, everyday and cultural aspects of life, which allows one to realize one’s creative potential to one degree or another;
3. A healthy lifestyle is a socially and historically defined idea of health, as well as the means and methods of its integration into practical life
4. Healthy lifestyle – typical forms and methods of daily human activity that strengthen and improve the body’s reserve capabilities, thereby ensuring the successful performance of one’s social and professional functions, regardless of gender, economic and socio-psychological situations.
We can highlight the general tasks of preserving the health of schoolchildren, which are characteristic of all programs used for educational institutions:
1. Teach children to determine their condition and sensations.
2. Form an active life position.
3. Form ideas about your body and organism.
4. Learn to strengthen and maintain your health.
5. Understand the need and role of movements in physical development.
6. Teach safety rules when performing physical exercises and various activities.
7. Be able to provide basic assistance in case of injuries.
8. Form ideas about what is useful and what is harmful to the body.
Thus, it is necessary to constantly work to develop the self-determination of younger schoolchildren, one of the most important components of which is the preservation and strengthening of physical, mental, moral and social health.
1.2. Features of developing schoolchildren's needs for a healthy lifestyle
It is known that the health crisis of children, adolescents and youth in Russia threatens national security, economic and social development, and the country’s defense capability. The scale and consequences of the disruption to the health of new generations of the population are enormous. These problems lie in the sphere of vital interests of society, family, and individual.
A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is the basis for preventing diseases and promoting the health of children and adolescents. The modern concept of a healthy lifestyle defines it as the constant implementation of hygienic rules, conscious of its necessity, to strengthen and preserve individual and public health.
For schoolchildren, the main components of a healthy lifestyle are rational nutrition, physical activity, general strengthening and anti-stress measures, proper rest, and high medical activity. In today's difficult socio-economic conditions, the absence of these elements in the behavior of a significant part of schoolchildren is a risk factor for the occurrence of diseases.
Taking into account the health status of school-age children, in recent years the country has significantly intensified work to create a health-preserving system of educational institutions aimed at developing healthy lifestyle skills in children.
The educational aspect of this system includes:
Mastering training programs on a healthy lifestyle;
Mastering manuals for teachers and students;
Creation of a methodological library for teachers of different categories on the problems of a healthy lifestyle;
Training teachers of secondary schools in active methods of developing healthy lifestyle skills, etc.
The significant deterioration in the health of the Russian population, especially children, observed in recent years has become a national problem. Systematic education of the younger generation in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle will help solve it. Modern views on this problem show that the health of each person, first of all, depends on the efforts he makes to strengthen his health, and no doctors, no medications will help if the person himself violates the norms of a healthy lifestyle (HLS).
It is known that healthy habits are formed from a very early age. Therefore, the role and importance of the family and family education in this process cannot be overestimated. Parents need to daily, day after day, quietly and steadily educate their child so that he understands the need to improve health and learns this art. To successfully cope with this task, parents must have certain theoretical and practical training in these issues. Science offers them the following principles on which to build a healthy lifestyle for children:
1. Systematic approach.
Man is a complex system. It is impossible to keep the body healthy if you do not improve the emotional and volitional sphere, if you do not work with the child’s morality.
Successful solution to the problems of promoting a healthy lifestyle is possible only by combining the educational efforts of the school and parents.
2. Activity approach.
The culture in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle is mastered by children in the process of joint activities with their parents. It is necessary not to direct children on the path of health, but to lead them along this path.
3. The principle “Do no harm”!
Provides for the use in work only of safe healing techniques, scientifically recognized and tested by thousands of years of human experience and officially recognized.
4. The principle of humanism.
In education in the field of health and healthy lifestyle, the intrinsic value of the child’s personality is recognized. The moral guidelines of education are universal human values.
The priority direction of education in the field of health should be the formation of the moral qualities of the child, which are the foundation of health. To do this, it is necessary to develop in him kindness, friendliness, endurance, determination, courage, an optimistic attitude towards life, a sense of the joy of existence, the ability to feel happy, believe in one’s own strengths and trust the world.
To form these qualities, spiritual harmony and adequate positive self-esteem are necessary, which arise if the child is free from feelings of anxiety and fear and lives with confidence in his own security and safety. It is important that as they master the culture of health conservation, each child develops feelings of tenderness and love for himself, a mood of special joy from understanding his uniqueness, originality, the limitlessness of his creative possibilities, a sense of trust in the world and people.
When organizing health education, remember:
If a child is often encouraged, he learns self-confidence,
If a child lives with a sense of security, he learns to believe,
If a child manages to achieve what he wants, he learns hope,
If a child lives in an atmosphere of friendship and feels needed, he learns to find love in this world.
It is equally important to maintain health to develop in your child the ability to consider himself and his condition from the outside, to understand his feelings and the reasons for their occurrence. Self-observation and introspection form the desire to improve themselves, allow the child to see and develop his personal capabilities, and increase his intellectual potential.
It is necessary to form in a child a moral attitude towards his health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy and to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health is the most important value for a person, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health. To motivate him to engage in healthy behavior, it is necessary to interest him, create positive emotions when mastering knowledge, make him feel pleasure from healing methods, use positive examples from the surrounding life, and the personal example of his parents.
Physical education is a powerful source of developing a healthy lifestyle for children. The training strategy is based on the fact that pleasure from physical activity develops into a habit, and from it into a need.
An important task that you must solve when providing education in the field of health and healthy lifestyle is to form the foundations of personal hygiene: mastering body care skills, self-massage techniques, hardening methods, etc. It is equally important that the child master the skills of psychoprophylaxis, self-regulation and activation reserve capabilities of your body. To do this, it is necessary to develop and improve the functions of the child’s analytical systems (hearing, vision, tactile sense, etc.), teach the skills of voluntary control of breathing, muscle tone, imagination, promote the formation of an “internal observer” in the child’s mind (inner self), and form the ability to express their feelings using words, facial expressions, gestures, etc. By mastering this knowledge and skills, the child learns to manage his emotions and mental activity. This improves psychological well-being at school and promotes more successful learning.
State Autonomous Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education "Institute for Educational Development of the Republic of Tatarstan" Laboratory of Inclusive Education of the Institute of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan
Project work of students within the framework of the educational program “Modern requirements and technologies for psychological and pedagogical support of students with disabilities in the context of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard”
“Formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities”
(correctional) general education
Type VIII boarding schools.
Scientific supervisor: Morozova A.N.
senior methodologist of the IRO RT.
Curator: Morozova A.N.
Senior methodologist of the IRO RT.
Kazan 2015
Introduction
“Health is a precious thing, and besides
the only one for which I really
you should not only spare no time, effort,
labors and all sorts of benefits, but also to sacrifice
for his sake, a particle of life itself,
because life without him becomes
unbearable and humiliating."
Michel de Montaigne
The current state of health of all children, and especially those with intellectual disabilities, is of serious concern. Only 5% of school graduates are practically healthy, 40% of schoolchildren are chronically ill, 50% have morphophysiological deviations, instead of acceleration there is deceleration (a 20-fold increase in the number of short people), every year up to 300 thousand young men do not go to military service for medical reasons. Up to 80% of children suffer from various neuropsychiatric disorders.
In the Concept of health protection approved by the Government of the Russian Federationvillages of the Russian Federation in the transition period of reformIn the economy and social sphere, changing the behavior of the population has been identified as one of the priority tasks. This is due not only to diseases that lead to premature death in adults, but also to the increase in socially determined diseases in adolescents.According to the research conducted, the prerequisites for behavior associatedposed with a risk to health, are laid before the age of 18 years. That's whyIn the Concepts of Education and Health Protection, great importance is attached to strengtheningcooperation between health care and institutions education and primarily in closed institutions (boarding schools). This is especially true for specialists. Corr. There are 8 types of schools, because they have a special regime of life. But, taking into account the peculiarities of physical development, the state of the nervous system and the health of the pupils of these schools, the regime must be protective in nature. Therefore, the work of teachers and educators should be aimed at strengthening the physical condition of children, their nervous system and health.
Of course, the reasons for the decline in health are manifold: family history, environmental problems, and social crisis. Modern school, with its increased physical and mental stress, often has a sharp negative impact on the weakened body of children, causing maladaptation and provoking an increase in diseases. The choice of a healthy lifestyle for a child must be conscious. That is why any general educational institution should become a “healthy lifestyle school” for students, where any of their activities (educational, sports, leisure, as well as eating, physical activity, etc.) will have a health-pedagogical orientation. This will help develop children’s habits, and then the needs for a healthy lifestyle, and the formation of skills for making independent decisions regarding maintaining and strengthening their health.
1.Relevance of the project:
The relevance of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) is caused by both an increase and a change in the nature of stress on the body in modern life, which is associated with an increase in environmental, psychological and man-made risks. Stress, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, passion for computer games, and “bad” habits accompany the life of a modern person.
The concept of “healthy lifestyle” has not yet been clearly defined. Representatives of the philosophical and sociological direction (P. A. Vinogradov, B. S. Erasov, O. A. Milshtein, V. A. Ponomarchuk, V. I. Stolyarov, etc.) consider a healthy lifestyle as a global social problem, an integral part of life of society as a whole. In the psychological and pedagogical direction (G. P. Aksenov, V. K. Balsevich, M. Ya. Vilensky, R. Ditls, I. O. Martynyuk, L. S. Kobelyanskaya, etc.) healthy lifestyle is considered from the point of view of consciousness, human psychology, motivation. There are other points of view (for example, medical and biological), but there is no sharp line between them, since they are aimed at solving one problem - improving the health of the individual.
Health - the category of reserves of life, the vitality of a person as an integral being in the unity of his bodily and mental characteristics. Such reserves and vitality are formed in the process of education. And this is the field of pedagogy. This means that health is a pedagogical category. Health is either strengthened or lost in the process of raising a person in the family and school.
From all of the above, we can conclude that the current situation is complex and requires immediate action. In order to preserve the health of a child, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all the adults around him (parents, teachers, educators, doctors, etc.), in order to create around him an atmosphere filled with the needs, traditions and habits of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, from an early age a certain culture of behavior and an appropriate lifestyle are formed.
And if the problem of a healthy lifestyle is not addressed today, then “perhaps” there will be no one to think about it tomorrow. The priority areas in the work of the teaching staff were: maintaining and strengthening the health of schoolchildren, nurturing the internal need to lead a healthy lifestyle. Analyzing the CURRENT situation, there was a need to review the formation of a healthy lifestyle and create “Healthy Lifestyle” program.
A healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite for the development of other aspects of human life, the achievement of active longevity and the full performance of social functions. As the saying goes: “Health is not everything, but everything without health is nothing.”
2.Goals and objectives of the project.
Objective of the project : developing in pupils the need for a healthy lifestyle.
Project objectives:1. Formation of momotivation and responsibility for preserving one’s ownhealth, ensuring a healthy lifestyle by creating an environment in the group that is favorable for strengthening health health
2. Organization of diverse and versatile activities of children to form a physically healthy personality,
3. Development of a holistic health care system and its application in order to radically improve the state and quality of health of all participants in the educational process;
Project target group: students of a special general education correctional boarding school of the VIII type
Project participants: administration, class teacher, educator, teachers, school psychologist, medical staff of the boarding school, students with disabilities, parents.
Project location: State budgetary special (correctional) educational institution for students and pupils with disabilities “Pestrechinskaya special (correctional) general education boarding school of the VIII type”
Project implementation timeline: 2013-2016.
Life cycle and stages of project implementation
I stage. Information and analytical - 2013-2014.
Stage II. Practical - 2014-2015
Stage III. Practice-summarizing 2015 -2016
Elements of a healthy lifestyle are implemented through a set of actions in all basic forms of human life :
labor,
public,
family household,
leisure.
From elementary school in a special (correctional) boarding school of type 8, a certain culture of behavior and a corresponding lifestyle are formed. This is especially true in relation to caring for the health of children with intellectual disabilities. When drawing up the project, the mental disabilities of children and age characteristics were taken into account. Therefore, the work consists of six sections and in each of them, classes are allocated for younger, middle and older ages.
Basic principles of the project:
Humanization and democratization - defining specific goals and objectives of education, upbringing and personal development, creating a comfortable environment and conditions for its self-realization;
Correspondence of goals and content objectives national strategy programs, state and regional policy interests;
Scientific - introduce advanced scientific experience of teachers in creating health-saving technologies;
Participation - involving pupils in direct and conscious participation in targeted activities to improve the health of their body, rational use of time, and implementation of sanitary educational work;
Continuity - ensuring an integrated approach to health education between different age groups;
Highlight three aspects of health or well-being:
physical,
mental (psycho-emotional)
social health
Lifestyle is shaped by the society or group in which a person lives. Therefore, the formation of a healthy lifestyle is primarily an educational task. The program highlights main components of a healthy lifestyle:
1.favorable social environment;
2.spiritual and moral well-being;
3. optimal motor mode (culture of movements);
4.hardening the body;
5.rational nutrition;
6.personal hygiene;
7.refusal of harmful addictions (smoking, drinking alcohol)
drinks, drugs);
8.positive emotions.
Human health (a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being) depends on lifestyle (up to 70%), heredity (15%), environment (8-10%), medicine (8-10%). Consequently, the main task in preserving and strengthening the health of children is the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle.
Main project lines
Based on the study of the works of V.V. Kolbanova, I.I. Sokovni-Semenova, B.N. Chumakov can be distinguished main components of a healthy lifestyle:
1. Balanced nutrition.
Food must cover the body's energy costs, be complete in chemical composition and contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates (1-1-4), vitamins, mineral salts and trace elements, be chemically harmless and safe from the point of view of bacterial composition.
2. Optimal physical activity for the body.
The role of physical activity in determining human health has been known for a long time. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato considered movement “the healing part of medicine.” The great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy wrote: “You must definitely shake yourself up physically in order to be morally healthy.”
3. Maintaining a daily routine (taking into account individual biorhythms).
I.N. Pavlov believed that the basis of the regime is a “dynamic stereotype”, i.e. regularly repeating activity, but not inert, monotonous, but dynamic, changing depending on the influence of the environment. This helps the child develop good adaptation to changing conditions. Be sure to follow only the basic components of your daily routine (waking up and falling asleep, eating, walking). Other types of children's activities can be changed according to the time and duration of implementation. And if, in addition, the regime is based on the characteristics of the individual “biorhythmological portrait” of the child, the systems of his body will be in better operating conditions.
4. Prevention of bad habits (or abandonment of them) and formation of useful habits.
Good habits and hygiene skills are better reinforced when they are realized. As for bad habits, the basis for acquiring and getting rid of them is will.
5.Increasing psycho-emotional stability.
Judging by experiments, it is not active emotions that are especially dangerous to health, but passive ones - despair, anxiety, fearfulness, depression. In humans, these emotions often take on the social connotation of guilt, regret, and remorse.
That is why positive thinking is considered one of the components of health. Positive thinking is not an innate property; it is achieved through persistent training. It is important to teach a child to rejoice even in his own small victory, and even more so in the success of others.
6. “Meaningful life” (the meaning of life).
It has a lot to do with health. Everything else - nutrition, movement, and hygiene makes sense only when a person has something to get out of bed for every morning, if there is a task that no one else can do except him or better than him, there is an interest in the world, there is love for at least one anything.
When drawing up the program, the following research and impact methods were used.
Research methodsI: study, observation, experiment.
Methods of influence: verbal, practical, visual.
The need for widespread use of verbal methods is due to the fact that pupils with intellectual underdevelopment, especially children, have a limited vocabulary and do not understand the content of many words. A conversation is often used, organized using a system of questions that gradually leads them to assimilate new material. During partial-search conversations, problematic situations are created (questions are posed, tasks are proposed), and a collective discussion is organized.
Using the illustration method (showing posters, sketches on the board,
pictures, etc.) and demonstration method (demonstration of real objects,
experiments) made it possible to increase the effectiveness of classes. Much attention is paid to the example method. In classes, the techniques of “training” and “exercise” are actively used. In order to increase the emotional background of classes, didactic games (of various topics and content), elements of visual activity, and motor exercises were used.
When drawing up the program, various educational and methodological literature was used. The book “Extracurricular Activities in Correctional Classes” contains developments for a health day - “If you want to be healthy, try!”, a lesson - advice - “How to learn to maintain a daily routine”, compiled by G.P. Popova. The book by L.A. Obukhova and others “New 135 health lessons, or the School of Doctors of Nature” (Teacher’s Workshop) provided great methodological assistance. It contains a fully developed course of lessons for schoolchildren with planning. A practical guide was the manual for educators “Organization and planning
educational work in a special boarding school, orphanage" Khudenko E.D.
The program is a synthesis of knowledge about the main factors of healthy lifestyle and
includes 6 interconnected blocks of lessons:
Each program block consists of three subsections designed for three age groups of pupils:
Average;
Senior;
Graduates;
Each age has its own lesson theme.
For example, section "Proper nutrition":
Correct
nutrition.
Middle management:
1. Nutrition is a necessary condition for life (conversation).
2.Healthy food for the whole family (presentation).
3.Nutrition is the basis of life (oral journal).
4.How to become Hercules? (correspondence travel).
5.Vegetables and fruits are vitamin products (conversation).
6.What are nutrients? (Questions and answers).
7. “Healthy” and “harmful” foods (crossword puzzle).
8.What rules of eating do you know? (generalization of knowledge and skills).
9.What does a person need in food? (nutrition rules)
Senior level:
1.Healthy eating (question and answer hour).
2Features of nutrition according to the seasons of the year (drawing up recommendations).
3. House doctor (conversation with the “doctor”).
4.The path of the pie (presentation).
5. The connection between nutrition and disease (auction of opinions).
6. Health pantry in the forest, in the garden (correspondence trip).
7. “Evil products” (compiling a crossword puzzle).
8.Avitaminosis and exacerbation of chronic diseases (role play).
9. Rational nutrition is the key to a healthy lifestyle (conversation).
Graduates:
1. Basic foods and human health (oral journal).
2. Reasonable diet (working with the menu).
3.Diet – pros and cons (auction of interests).
4.Rational nutrition is the key to a healthy lifestyle (conversation).
5. Vitamin deficiency and poor health (doctor’s advice).
6.Vitamins and chronic diseases (“going” to a nutritionist).
7.Analysis of the daily menu (workshop).
8. Product expiration date and my health (working with food packaging).
Work with students begins with consolidating basic knowledge about human nutrition in the form of conversations, game moments, and entertaining moments; then at the senior level, more attention is paid to practical and research work.
The number of children suffering from gastrointestinal diseases was analyzed.
No./item
Types of diseases
Number of students
1.
Liver disease.
Gastrointestinal tract
25,0
Gastritis
25,0
Musculoskeletal disorders
Respiratory diseases
33,4
Total
12
100
From the data in the table it can be seen that almost every one of the pupils (7 people) has gastrointestinal diseases. And mostly these diseases are acquired.
Children were surveyed during extracurricular activities. Example “Your food preferences.”
After analyzing this questionnaire, we obtained the following results: Diagram. 
At the end of the school year, the results changed for the better:
Question 3
Question 2
Question 3
Option A
20%
31%
48%
Option B
33%
27%
50%
Option B
35%
16%
1%
Option D
2%
10%
1%
Option D
10%
7%
Option E
9%
Chapter I. Theoretical foundations of the project:
1.1
The first direction is "Fundamentals of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle"
A healthy lifestyle is a rational lifestyle, an integral feature of which is active activity aimed at maintaining and improving health. A lifestyle that promotes public and individual health is the basis for the prevention, protection and promotion of public health.
1.2
The second direction "Cultivating a culture of health"
Nurturing a culture of health is the creation of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the student’s personality as a subject of health-improving activities in accordance with his interests, inclinations, abilities, value systems for self-preservation of health, as well as knowledge, skills and abilities to maintain a reasonable healthy lifestyle.
1.3
The third direction is “Prevention of bad habits”.
A bad habit is a way of behavior fixed in a person in relation to the person himself. The quality of life depends not only on compliance with the rules of a healthy lifestyle, but also on the habits that a person developed at a given age. The referral has a preventive effect on a number of bad habits, such as smoking, alcohol and drug use.
1.4
Fourth direction "Active and educational games"
Play is a natural companion of a child’s life and therefore meets the laws laid down by nature itself in the child’s developing body - his insatiable need for cheerful movements. The advantage of active and educational games over strictly dosed exercises is that the game is always associated with initiative, imagination, creativity, is emotional, and stimulates motor activity.
Chapter II. Project implementation mechanism
2.1Structure of a complex of health and physical education activities used in a boarding school
(A) During the educational process
Physical education lessons from 1
12th grade 2-3 times a week;
Outside of physical education lessons:
Morning exercises;
Moving change;
Physical education minutes.
(B) During extracurricular and
extracurricular work
Prevention:
colds;
Poor posture;
Visual impairment.
Exercise therapy classes from 1st to 6th grade
2 times per week
Holding Health Days
and health lessons;
Classes in sports sections;
Carrying out sports
holidays.
2.2 Health-improving moments in the classroom and during extracurricular and extracurricular activities:
Physical education minutes, dynamic breaks
Minutes of relaxation
Breathing exercises
Gymnastics for the eyes
Massage of active points
2.3 Indicators (project effectiveness criteria, diagnostic methods) To solve the problems, a research method was used: analysis of methodological, psychological, pedagogical sources on the stated topic.
2.4 Expected results of the project implementation
During the work to improve the health of children with intellectual disabilities, a system was developed that made it possible to record positive results: the incidence of illness in children has decreased, a culture of healthy lifestyle is being formed, and independent beliefs about health are being developed
1. Acceptance of the value of health as one of the main human values will allow students with disabilities to orient their behavior towards preserving and strengthening the health of themselves and those around them;
2. Successfully adapt to the educational and social space;
3. Reveal the creative abilities of students with disabilities;
4. To realize personal potential to the fullest and increase success in sports.
As a result of active work to improve the health of children with intellectual disabilities
comply with sanitary and hygienic requirements: maintain personal hygiene and carry out hygienic procedures during the day;
carry out active recreational activities;
shape your health.
Students should know:
factors affecting human health;
causes of certain diseases;
causes of injuries and rules of first aid;
types of hardening (staying in the fresh air, dousing, rubbing, sunbathing) and rules for hardening the body; the influence of hardening on the physical condition and promotion of human health;
about the benefits of physical exercise for the harmonious development of a person;
basic forms of physical activity and types of physical exercise.
Currently, a large number of healthy lifestyle measures have been developed. This includes the radio line “Travel around the city of Zdoroveysk”, the correspondence trip “Why do teeth hurt”, the drawing competition “A healthy body means a healthy mind”, the lesson “Vegetables and fruits - vitamin products”, the presentation “If you want to be healthy!”, “Let's say no to drugs!”, “Smoking is harmful to health”, compiling a crossword puzzle “Evil products”, etc. Topics of the DRC (diagnosis, regulation and correction), carried out in the group: the health of students during the daily routine of a boarding school; the student’s condition and level of comfort in school and group.
She has spoken repeatedly at methodological associations and pedagogical councils with topics on healthy lifestyles (“The influence of psychoactive substances on a teenager”), and we share our experience of working with “Methodological piggy bank of the group”.
The problem of children's health is in the hands of our teachers, doctors, parents, and no matter what the socio-economic conditions surround us. Protecting the health of children is our top priority. Health will become a value for a child if: - He develops an interest in this problem; - Is supported by entertaining, playful activities;
“Caring for human health, especially the health of a child, is, first of all, caring for the harmonious fullness of all physical and spiritual forces, and the crown of this harmony is the joy of creativity.”
V.A. Sukhomlinsky
Conclusion
Thus, Healthy lifestyle program provides widespread
health-saving culture of pupils, taking into account opportunities
and boarding school conditions. It provides transition mechanisms
external culture of a healthy lifestyle into the internal culture of the student’s personality, primarily through constructing a route for personal development, forming the student’s self-awareness. The program provides a connection between the physical, moral, mental components of the child and the corresponding types of health. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the child, special approaches are selected for each child brought up through non-standard, active forms and methods of training and education
Literature:
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation;
3. Law of the Russian Federation "On Education";
4. Sanitary norms and rules approved by the joint
by resolution of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision;
5. Order 1418 of May 15, 2001 of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation “On approval of the approximate regulations on the center for promoting the health of students and pupils of an educational institution.”
6. V.V. Kolbanova, I.I. Sokovni-Semenova, B.N. Chumakova
“The main components of a healthy lifestyle in the educational process”, M., 2003.
7 G.P.Popova. “Extracurricular activities in correctional classes”, M., 2000.
8. L.A. Obukhova “New 135 health lessons, or School of Doctors of Nature » Rotov on/D: Phoenix, 2009.
9. E.D. Khudenko “Organization and planning of educational work in a special boarding school, orphanage,” M., 2006.
10. Kvach N.V. Health-saving pedagogy. – M., “VLADOS”, 2001.
11. The health of our children. // Primary school, No. 8.9 – 2004
Applications
Appendix No. 1
Healthy lifestyle formation system
FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Fostering a healthy lifestyle culture
Introduction of new technologies
Appendix No. 2
Questionnaire.
1. What foods do you like to eat? A) fruits B) flour products C) chips D) crackers E) other
2 .Which drink do you prefer when purchasing? A) juice B) Coca-Cola C) Sprite D) lemonade E) mineral water E) other drinks
3. Do you know the benefits or harms of these foods and drinks? A) yes B) I have a vague idea C) I don’t know D) I don’t care
Program
extracurricular activities “Sport is health”
Goal and objectives of the program:
Target: ensure the possibility of maintaining children’s health while studying at school; to teach children to be healthy in soul and body, to strive to create their own health, using knowledge and skills in accordance with the laws of nature, the laws of existence.
Tasks:
to develop in children the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities for a healthy lifestyle;
to form in children the motivational sphere of hygienic behavior, safe life, physical education;
ensure physical and mental self-development;
teach how to use the acquired knowledge in everyday life;
achieve the need to comply with basic health rules.
Features of the program
This program is being built on the principles :
Scientific ; which are based on an analysis of statistical medical studies on the health status of schoolchildren.
Availability ; which determines the content of the course in accordance with the age characteristics of junior schoolchildren.
Systematicity ; defining the relationship and integrity of the content, forms and principles of the proposed course.
In this case, it is necessary to highlight practical orientation course.
Providing motivation
Being healthy means being happy and successful in your future adult life.
The classes are of a scientific and educational nature.
Main activities of students:
discussion communication skills;
experiments;
a game.
The study of program material begins in the 1st grade at a level accessible to primary schoolchildren, mainly in the form of educational games and in the process of practical activities. In addition, each individual section of the course includes additional activities:
learning and performing songs;
organization of outdoor games;
conducting experiments;
performing physical exercises, exercises for relaxation, concentration, development of imagination;
The organization of educational classes assumes that any activity for children should become a lesson in joy, revealing to each child his own individuality and reserve capabilities of the body, which ensure increased levels of performance and adaptability.
It should not be a “memorization” lesson, in which, instead of achieving a healing effect, only an additional burden is created. Each lesson should become a real lesson in “health creativity”.
The program is designed for children 7-10 years old and has been implemented for 4 years. The number of students is 10-15 people.
Chekhlova Ella Vladimirovna
Job title: teacher
Educational institution: MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 423 in Chelyabinsk"
Locality: Chelyabinsk
Name of material: article
Subject: Formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities
Publication date: 06.02.2016
Chapter: preschool education
FORMATION IN CHILDREN WITH LIMITED ABILITIES
HEALTH BASICS OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE.
Chekhlova E.V., MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 423 in Chelyabinsk" Physical activity is important at any age - both in childhood and in adults. But in childhood, when the basic systems of a growing body are formed, when his health for many, many years depends on how harmoniously the baby develops. Therefore, a preschooler with disabilities (HHI, with mental retardation) must be introduced and taught to use all the means of physical education, which in the future will help him easily adapt to the conditions of school education. Is it possible to strengthen and maintain a child’s health without engaging in physical education? Of course not. Movement is a natural biological need of children, and limiting this not only delays harmonious formation, but also leads to the fact that in subsequent periods of life the child cannot master certain motor skills. However, it should be borne in mind that increased loads that do not meet the physiological needs of a growing organism can significantly interfere with the harmonious development of the child. How to stay on the “golden mean”, on the one hand, correctly developing the baby in accordance with his potential, on the other, without harming him with excessive load? The problem of deteriorating health of the younger generation has become increasingly relevant in recent years. According to the Ministry of Health, only 13% of children 6–7 years of age can be considered healthy, and one of the significant reasons for this situation is the lack of a value-based attitude among children towards their own health.
For the successful implementation of the tasks of educational and health work, it is necessary not only specially organized activities, but also the personal example of all participants in the upbringing of the child - teachers, parents. Parents and teachers should be like-minded people and solve health issues together. Health lessons, consultations, parent meetings on health issues - this is a small list of things to do. Physical activity in preschool age is an important condition for the development of a child with disabilities and the formation of all organs and systems of his body. The movement is acquiring particular relevance and social significance for the physical and mental health of preschool children with mental retardation (MDD). Satisfying a preschooler's need for movement is the most important condition for his life and normal development - not only physical, which was already mentioned above, but also intellectual. Sufficient physical activity has a beneficial effect on the functional state of the brain, increasing performance, and increasing voluntariness in performing various actions. With age, physical activity will occupy an increasing place in the child’s daily routine, contributing to the normal development of the central nervous system, improving memory, learning processes, normalizing the emotional and motivational sphere, improving sleep, increasing capabilities not only in physical, but also in mental activity. The goal of preschool education is the comprehensive harmonious development of the child, which provides for the protection and strengthening of his health, ensuring full physical and mental development. Physical education means make it possible to influence all areas of a child’s development, including those that are crucial not only for full physical development, but also for mental, moral, labor, and aesthetic development. The goal of my work with children with disabilities is to formulate in them the foundations of a healthy lifestyle and achieve conscious implementation
basic health rules. To achieve my goals, I use the following means of movement: physical exercise; physical education minutes and breaks; emotional releases; gymnastics (recreational after sleep); finger gymnastics, visual, breathing, corrective; physiotherapy; outdoor and sports games; massage; self-massage; psychogymnastics. I use finger games every day. They are a powerful means of increasing brain performance. Psychologists say that gymnastics for the fingers develops mental activity, memory, and attention of the child. To strengthen vision, I use the following points: visual pauses; at any time of the day, children close their eyes and open them; you can press the eyelids with your finger. Corrective physical exercises - to strengthen vision - are carried out in classes, because children must be completely relaxed in their movements. Visual gymnastics – enables the eye to cope with significant visual load. We use gymnastics in drawing classes, looking at pictures, and during long-term observation. We do eye training exercises several times a day, depending on the activity that causes tension. Children like emotional warm-ups (let's laugh; let's shout so that the walls shake; as if a huge, unknown beast is screaming, etc.) Along with traditional forms of work, I give self-massage for colds to children with mental retardation (author A.I. Umanskaya). Everyone knows that a person has special points on his body that regulate the activity of internal organs. Massaging these points increases the body's defenses as a whole. With children, after a nap, I do corrective gymnastics (to prevent and correct flat feet).
During the day, my children and I take a moment to please them by doing the following exercises: stretch like a cat, roll around like a tumbler, yawn with your mouth open to your ears, crawl like a snake without using your hands. This is very important for the development and strengthening of the child’s musculoskeletal system. The healing forces of nature are of great importance for the health of children: regular walks in the fresh air, sun and air baths, herbal medicine, aromatherapy, vitamin therapy, hardening, outdoor games. G.A. Speransky wrote: “A day spent by a child without a walk is lost for his health.” A child of preschool age must be outside for at least 3 hours every day. And therefore, in my work with children, I try to be in the fresh air as much as possible. “Aromatherapy” - the process of inhaling aromas - has a great healing effect. This has a positive effect on the nervous system and brain. So smells can cause joy, excitement, calmness, inspiration. But due to the fact that the number of children with allergies has increased, I take permission from each parent to conduct Aromatherapy. Thus, all these means allow us to gradually stabilize the health of children, reduce the incidence of illness, and introduce them to a healthy lifestyle. Now we are like-minded people, teachers and parents, with one goal - to raise healthy children.
Natalya Yastrebova
Formation of a positive attitude towards their health and a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities
STATE BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATION
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
BOARDING SCHOOL ST-TSY NIKOLAEVSKAYA
REPORT ON THE TOPIC:
Prepared:
Educator GBOU
boarding school
st-tsy Nikolaevskaya
Yastrebova N.V.
REPORT ON THE TOPIC:
« FORMATION OF A POSITIVE ATTITUDE IN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES TO THEIR HEALTH AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE».
Target: contribute developing children's motivation for a healthy lifestyle and their responsible behavior to preserve and strengthen your health.
Tasks:
- Shape schoolchildren are convinced of the need to conduct healthy lifestyle(using free time to benefit health, adherence to the daily routine, development of negative relationship to such bad habits as smoking, drinking, drug addiction, self-medication).
Development children leadership qualities and skills to work independently with peers to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Fostering a sense of responsibility for the condition your health, instilling a love for physical education and sports.
"Purchase health - courage,
And to manage it skillfully is an art.”
Francois Voltaire
Health– one of the important components of the holistic development of a person, characterizing him viability in the unity of physical and mental characteristics.
As part of system modernization education one of the main tasks is to educate students, provide the necessary information, allowing you to preserve and strengthen health, formation hygiene skills, norms and rules healthy lifestyle, beliefs in the need to preserve your health. Promoting students' responsibility for their own health and health of others.
Majority children, entering special correctional schools, have a whole "bouquet" various diseases - these are neuropsychiatric disorders, impaired motor skills and coordination of movement, scoliosis, decreased hearing and visual acuity, caries, etc.
These negative phenomena are interrelated and interdependent for many economic and social reasons, as well as way of life. A significant percentage of students with limited intelligence live in dysfunctional families, where they do not receive not only adequate nutrition, cultural behavior skills, but even basic concepts of healthy lifestyle.
Healthy lifestyle- one of the pressing topics of our time, More and more people, schoolchildren with new technologies, heavy workloads, are leading the wrong Lifestyle. In the 21st century, a large number of books devoted to these issues are published and republished. And only laziness can prevent a modern person from finding the right information about how important it is to eat right and stay active Lifestyle, maintain hygiene.
Problem formation of a healthy lifestyle has not fully received detailed theoretical and methodological development in the specialized literature. In my opinion, formation of values in the special education and education should include:
Definition of goals and objectives;
An interdisciplinary approach to the consideration of subject material about values health and healthy lifestyle;
Taking into account national and regional characteristics as an important part of the content of the material about health;
Intensification of subject-related practical activities children on mastering and appropriating the principles of a healthy lifestyle;
A necessary condition for the pedagogical process is its positive emotional background. Modern pedagogy claims that the unteachable have no children. Purpose formation of health values and a healthy lifestyle for students with developmental disabilities can be considered teaching each child how to maintain and maintain health, education and development children based on health-saving knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as formation emotional-value attitude towards your health and the health of others. This goal will contribute to the main goal of education and upbringing - the achievement by each student of the greatest possible independence and independence.
As a teacher of group 3, I organize the most optimal for my children educational process.
Scheduled classes on formation of a healthy lifestyle divided into three block:
"Basics health and healthy lifestyle» .
"Don't hurt yourself"
"The Peace of Every Soul".
In the first block I included those classes that are aimed at developing children's needs for a healthy lifestyle, formation moral beliefs.
Classes on the prevention of colds, intestinal infections, injuries, sunstroke, etc., which will help to avoid troubles. In the classes of this block, we organized workshops on applying the acquired knowledge on self-care, and also put together rules in case of injury or sunstroke, as well as rules on how not to catch a cold or catch any infection.
Practical work in this area will allow children to adapt well to independent life outside of school. Classes “Window to the world around us. Vision protection", "The Journey of a Sandwich, Take Care of Your Teeth", "Our internal pump" expand knowledge children about the structure and functions of human organs. Knowing how the body works, children will be able to better understand it and, if necessary, seek help from a doctor.
Bottom line: The guys actively took part in the practical work: drew pictures, published wall newspapers, communicated with honey. school employee.
The second block contains lesson topics that are aimed at preventing drug addiction, alcoholism and smoking, formation of a negative attitude towards bad habits.
These are the activities: “You can’t remain silent about bad habits”, "Bad habit or disease", "Artificial Paradise", "Don't let your soul scold...", “To drink or not to drink – to be or not to be!”
To make the harmful effects of these habits more convincing, I don’t just give examples, but find pictures, videos, presentations and other means that act on the emotional side of a person. I attract children to compiling reminders about the dangers of smoking and alcoholism.
Bottom line: In the final lesson on this block: “Once again about bad habits”, the guys realized for themselves that bad habits can lead to trouble, they also published wall newspapers, made memos, and drew pictures.
The third block provides developing a positive attitude towards oneself, the need for self-development, formation of experience of moral relations with the outside world, development of the spiritual sphere of the individual. So how are u children with disabilities, motivation and the level of self-esteem are reduced; it is necessary to show the child how he can express himself and reinforce this, creating a situation of success. I use play activities for this purpose, where the child can fully express himself. This is a quiz "The language of streets and roads", a game “Know the rules of movement like the multiplication table”, outdoor games "Fun Starts", competition game “Pull yourself up – don’t be lazy!” and etc.
Bottom line: During quizzes, classes, conversations in this block, students learned to express their opinions, as well as listen to the opinions of others.
Conclusion: As a result of my work, I came to the conclusion that children, during the discussion, come to the conclusion that health is one of the most important human values life, it is given to a person as a priceless gift, it cannot be bought, therefore it is more expensive than wealth.
And in conclusion, I would like to tell you a parable about a butterfly.
In ancient times, there lived a sage to whom people came for advice. He helped everyone, people trusted him and really respected his age, life experience and wisdom. And then one day one envious person decided to disgrace the sage in the presence of many people.
An envious and cunning man came up with a whole plan like this do: “I will catch a butterfly and bring it to the sage in closed palms, then I will ask him what he thinks, whether the butterfly in my hands is alive or dead. If the sage says that I'm alive, I'll close palms tightly, I will crush the butterfly and, opening my hands, I will say that our great sage was mistaken. If the sage says that the butterfly is dead, I will open my palms, the butterfly will fly out alive and unharmed, and I will say that our great sage was mistaken.” This is what the envious man did, caught a butterfly and went to the sage. When he asked the sage what kind of butterfly he had in his palms, the sage answered: "All in your hands".
So you and I, if we want, we can get drawn into a series of problems, difficulties, hopelessness, but if we want, we can color our life bright colors of joy and meaning.
Take care of yours health every person should. The main thing is to want to be healthy!
Literature
1. Education and training children with developmental disorders. Journal No. 6, 2001.
2. Amosov N. Healthy lifestyle// Education of schoolchildren. 1994. No. 2-3.
3. Alexandrov V. How to live long healthy and young // Education of schoolchildren. 1992. “2-5.
4. Tikhvinsky S. B. The role of physical education in adolescent health. – M., 1988.
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Municipal government educational institution
"Linevskaya school - boarding school for students
with disabilities"
Iskitimsky district, Novosibirsk region.
“Formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities in a boarding school.”
9th grade teacher: Filchakova Yu.M.
2016
Formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities in a boarding school
Leading teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky rightly pointed out: “Caring for health is the most important work of a teacher. Their spiritual life, mental development, strength of knowledge, and self-confidence depend on the health and cheerfulness of children.”
At the present stage of development of Russian society, the problem of preserving and strengthening health, creating a special attitude towards it as an independent value remains very significant. The value of health in a person’s life acts as a key category, since health is a condition for development and growth and, above all, concerns children with disabilities.
According to psychological, pedagogical and medical research, there are practically no healthy children in boarding schools. Such children, as a rule, already have low health indicators from birth.
But it must be taken into account that a person’s lifestyle does not develop on its own depending on circumstances, but is formed throughout life purposefully and constantly.
For children with disabilities brought up in a boarding school, it is necessary to establish and formulate a conscious, voluntary motivation to acquire knowledge and maintain their own health, as well as cultivate the habit of a healthy lifestyle. A prerequisite for the successful formation of a healthy lifestyle is close, healthy, emotional contact between the teacher and the child. The formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities is a complex and multifaceted process that covers all spheres of life, integrates the efforts of teachers, medical workers and psychologists, built on knowledge from various and long-term acquisitions of mankind.
The goal of this process is the individual, who must be taught the ability to preserve and maintain his health throughout his life.
In residential institutions this process is carried out in three directions:
- Health-improving work, creating health-friendly social, psychological and social-hygienic spheres;
- Formation of positive motivation, the need for a healthy life;
- Instilling knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to maintain, strengthen and restore health.
By healthy lifestyle we understand forms and methods of life activity of pupils that preserve, restore and strengthen their physical, mental, spiritual and social health to the maximum extent, ensure adaptation of the body to environmental conditions, and contribute to the achievement of internal balance.
Indicators of many factors that exist to characterize and assess the formation of a healthy lifestyle and are most clearly and fully manifested in the behavior and actions of children and adolescents are:
In the field of physical health - physical development according to age;
General ability to work;
Physical activity;
Hardening;
Maintaining rational work and rest;
Understanding the requirements of personal hygiene;
Proper nutrition.
In the field of mental health – correspondence of mental activity to calendar age;
Development of voluntary mental processes and the presence of self-regulation;
The presence of adequate positive emotions;
No bad habits.
In the field of spiritual health – priority moral values;
Hard work;
The presence of a positive ideal in accordance with national spiritual traditions;
Feeling the beauty in life, nature, art.
In the field of social health - positively oriented communication;
Responsiveness in relation to adults, peers and juniors;
Responsibility for one's own actions and actions.
When working with our category of children who already have a mental diagnosis, teachers try to focus on the fact that health combines the spiritual and physical state of a person.
I would like to clarify that mental retardation is a persistent impairment of cognitive activity that occurs as a result of organic damage to the brain. When asked which health should be protected first - spiritual or physical, leading experts in the field of medicine answer: “Spiritual. Observations show that if a person lives in fear and anxiety, he self-destructs.” Spiritual health is the main basis of a healthy body. It is not enough to teach your child to brush his teeth in the morning and evening, do exercises and eat healthy food. It is very important that from an early age he learns to love himself, people, and life. Only a person who lives in harmony with himself and with the world will be truly healthy and will strive for a healthy lifestyle.
In the process of promoting a healthy lifestyle, a lot of work is done to captivate, teach and provide knowledge in accordance with the age of children. Many different forms and methods of work are used: conversations, business and role-playing games, travel games, competition games, keeping diaries.
Such large educational events as “We are for a healthy lifestyle”, “No to bad habits”, class hours “The Truth about AIDS”, “A healthy mind in a healthy body” are held at a high level. Children take them very seriously, feeling like they are exposing their addictions. Pupils feel more deeply the harm caused by the use of tobacco and alcohol, and think about their health.
Students spend all their time in a group. They get tired of constant contacts, cannot cope with their emotions and manage their behavior, but life in a positive emotional atmosphere means health. Emotions play an important role in the lives of children: they help to adequately perceive reality and respond to it. The games, conversations, and classes held (“Mirror of Moods”, “Culture of a Healthy Lifestyle”) teach children to manage their emotions, help enrich their inner world, expand knowledge about themselves and the people around them, and the development of the emotional sphere occurs.
Many pupils have problems with vision and posture, so a number of rules and exercises should be developed to prevent problems with posture and vision. The need to develop good posture is one of the components of a healthy lifestyle.
Pupils of our school attend the “Sharp Horse” section, therapeutic gymnastics “LFC”, and also play sports games - volleyball, basketball, pioneer ball, table tennis, and in winter they go skiing, sledding, and skating. Thanks to this, children develop discipline, responsibility, attentiveness, determination and much more.
The boarding school has developed health-improving activities that are aimed at solving problems for strengthening physical health and increasing health potential - these include hardening procedures and proper nutrition.
Various sports competitions and games, “Zarnitsa”, poster and drawing competitions “We are for sports”, as well as sports and entertainment competitions, “No to bad habits” holidays are organized inside the school. Popular among pupils are table tennis, jumping, running - relay races, ball throwing, and cross-country. On Health Days, various sports competitions are organized: running, long jump.
Pupils of the school constantly take part in all regional and district competitions, sports days, the result of these performances are certificates and valuable gifts.
Thus, our school carries out interesting and varied work to promote a healthy lifestyle. There are many positive results, there is good dynamics in terms of health.
By instilling in children the need to move daily, do physical exercise, and be in harmony with themselves and people, they lay a solid foundation for good health.
Purposeful, patient and consistent work allows us to solve the problems of strengthening the health of students and developing sustainable healthy lifestyle skills.
Bibliography:
1. Blinova L.N. Diagnosis and correction in the education of children with mental retardation / L. N. Blinova. - M., 2002.
2. Malyar A.R. Social education and training of children with developmental disabilities / A.R. Malyar. - M., 2005.