Cervical dysplasia
is a precancerous disease, which is characterized by a disruption in the development of stratified squamous epithelium in a given area, as a result of which its cells lose their usual properties, causing certain changes in the epithelium itself. Without timely and adequate treatment, dysplasia can transform into cervical cancer
In order to understand the causes and mechanisms of development of cervical dysplasia, certain knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of this organ is necessary. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, in the center of which is the cervical (cervical) canal.
One end of it opens into the uterine cavity, and the other (the vaginal part of the cervix) opens into the vagina. From a histological point of view (histology is the science that studies the cellular structure of tissues), the cervix is covered with two types of epithelium (epithelium is the surface tissue lining the cavitary and other organs).
In the area of the cervix there are:
- Single row columnar epithelium. Covers the mucous membrane in the area of the cervical canal. Consists of a single row of cells that normally produce cervical mucus.
- Multilayered squamous epithelium. Covers the vaginal part of the cervix and consists of several layers of cells that vary in size, shape and structure. Multilayered squamous epithelium is divided into basal, parabasal, intermediate and superficial layers. The cells of the basal layer are poorly differentiated and have high mitotic activity (that is, they can divide at a high frequency). Cells of the superficial layer have less mitotic activity, and their number can vary depending on the phase menstrual cycle.
Under normal conditions, the layered epithelium remains in the area of the entire vaginal part of the cervix. With dysplasia, this structure is disrupted, resulting in atypical (
with damaged structure
It is also worth noting that under normal conditions, columnar and squamous epithelial cells do not mix with each other. However, in a number of pathological conditions this condition may be violated, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of precancerous and cancer diseases cervix.
This is also confirmed by the fact that in most cases, cervical dysplasia develops precisely at the border between the cylindrical and squamous epithelium.
The cervix is a narrowing at the bottom of the uterus (cervical canal) that ends at the os, which opens into the vagina. The surface of the organ is covered with a mucous membrane that protects it from damage.
Moreover, the structure of the epithelium in its sections is not the same. In the cervical canal, epithelial cells are cylindrical in shape and arranged in one layer.
In the vaginal part of the cervix, the epithelial cells are flat, making up 3 layers: basal (bordering the muscles), internal and superficial.
Dysplasia is a condition in which abnormal development of cells occurs in one or more layers of the mucous membrane of the cervical pharynx. If, with a disease such as erosion, ulcers and cracks form only on the surface of the mucosa, then dysplasia is a deep-seated process associated with the formation of atypical cells.
The pathological process begins from the deepest layer (1st degree of damage, or mild dysplasia). Cervical dysplasia of the 2nd degree is called atypical degeneration of the cells of the lower and inner layer (moderate).
In grade 3 (severe) pathology, the process covers all three layers of the mucous membrane.
Causes of cervical dysplasia
It has been scientifically proven that precancer and cervical cancer develop as a result of exposure to the same causative factors. It is also worth noting that the process of development of dysplasia occurs over a long period of time (
for several months or even years
). That's why chronic (
There are no special symptoms characteristic of cervical dysplasia. Possible manifestations of the disease are nonspecific and can appear in a number of other pathological conditions. In addition, some predisposing factors (
for example, viral or bacterial infections
) can themselves cause various clinical manifestations, which makes diagnosis even more difficult. That is why instrumental and laboratory studies are in the foreground in identifying precancerous processes.
An increased likelihood of developing cervical dysplasia may be indicated by:
To detect cervical dysplasia, you can use:
Tests for cervical dysplasia
Any specific changes in
blood test urine test
is not observed with this pathology. At the same time, studies aimed at identifying the human papillomavirus can be quite informative (
) as the main causative factor in the development of dysplasia.
Methods for detecting HPV include:
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allows you to detect the genetic material of the virus even at low concentrations.
- Linked immunosorbent assay. Allows you to identify the E7 oncoprotein, which is produced by virus-infected cells.
- Immunohistochemical study. Allows you to identify markers of the tumor process that appear during the development of dysplasia and when it degenerates into a cancer process.
Other tests (
for example, a bacteriological examination to detect a bacterial infection in the vagina
) are also non-specific, but can be prescribed by a doctor if necessary.
Colposcopy for cervical dysplasia
The essence of this study is to examine the mucous membrane of the cervix using a colposcope - a special apparatus consisting of several lenses.
Colposcopy allows you to examine in detail the surfaces of the mucous membranes at multiple magnification, which is necessary to identify minimal changes that develop with cervical dysplasia.
The study is recommended to be carried out a few days after the end of menstruation. The day before the study, you should avoid sexual intercourse, as well as the use of various vaginal tablets, suppositories or douches.
The examination itself lasts about 15 – 20 minutes and is considered painless, although some women may feel slight discomfort during the procedure.
The study is carried out in the office of a gynecologist. The woman must undress from the waist down and lie down on a special gynecological chair.
After this, the doctor inserts special speculum into the vagina and examines the mucous membranes of the vagina and cervix, and then examines them using a colposcope.
During colposcopy, the doctor evaluates:
- The color of the mucous membrane of the cervix - the zone of dysplasia may differ from the normal mucosa.
- The state of the vascular pattern – in the zone of dysplasia, dilated, irregularly branching blood vessels may be observed.
- The nature of the epithelium of the mucous membrane - special attention should be paid to the place of transition of squamous multilayer epithelium to columnar epithelium.
Extended colposcopy includes:
- Test with acetic acid. The essence of the test is that before the colposcopy itself, the mucous membrane of the cervix is treated with a 3% solution of acetic acid. This leads to a narrowing of the blood vessels of the mucous membrane, and also causes temporary swelling of the epithelium. These changes make it possible to more accurately determine the boundary between squamous and columnar epithelium, as well as to identify zones of change in the stratified squamous epithelium of the vaginal part of the cervix. It is also worth noting that when exposed to acetic acid, normal vessels of the mucous membrane spasm (contract), while atypical vessels (characteristic of the dysplasia zone) do not spasm, but dilate, which plays an important role in the diagnosis of dysplasia.
- Schiller's test. The essence of this test is to treat the mucous membrane of the cervix with 3% Lugol's solution. The iodine included in the solution interacts with a special substance glycogen (a carbohydrate found in large quantities in the cells of the surface layer of the stratified squamous epithelium of the vaginal part of the cervix), as a result of which the normal mucous membrane is colored in dark color. Atypical cells (characteristic of the dysplasia zone), as well as columnar epithelial cells do not contain glycogen and are not stained.
After the procedure, the woman can go home. Over the next 3 to 5 days, slight darkish or bloody issues, which is not a pathology.
You should refrain from sexual intercourse for 5 days after the procedure, as this may increase bleeding.
Colposcopy is contraindicated:
- within 2 months after birth;
- within 1 month after abortion;
- within 1 month after cervical surgery;
- during menstrual bleeding;
- with an active infectious-inflammatory process in the vagina (the risk of infection spreading increases).
Smear and cytology for cervical dysplasia
Cytological examination is a screening method for the active detection of precancer or cervical cancer. The essence this method consists of examining the material under a microscope (
), taken from the mucous membrane of the cervix. This makes it possible to identify atypical cells in 60–90% of cases of dysplasia.
Symptoms, signs and diagnosis of cervical dysplasia
If, during examination with the help of gynecological mirrors, swelling of the cervix, an unusual shine of the surface, or any spots are detected, then an in-depth examination is carried out using the following methods:
- Colposcopy. The surface of the uterine pharynx is treated with iodine (Lugol's solution) or acetic acid. At the same time, if there are areas of damage, they remain pale and clearly visible against the background of healthy tissue. The method makes it possible to examine the surface at multiple magnifications.
- PAP test (cytological examination of smear). Under a microscope, atypical changes can be detected in the sample, the presence of cells with characteristic signs of the localization of papillomavirus in them (with wrinkled nuclei and rim).
- Uterine biopsy, taking a sample of the mucous membrane for histological examination to determine the presence of dysplasia and determine its degree.
- PCR analysis to establish the type of HPV and detect its oncogenic variety. The method allows you to assess the “viral load”, that is, determine the concentration of viruses in the blood.
Treatment of cervical dysplasia
Treatment of this pathology should begin only after a thorough examination and exclusion of the presence of cervical cancer (
in the case of cancer, treatment tactics differ from those for dysplasia
). The goal of treatment is to slow the progression of the disease, remove pathologically changed tissue and prevent relapse (
re-development of the disease
Can cervical dysplasia go away on its own?
As follows from what was said earlier, the development of dysplasia occurs as a result long-term exposure unfavorable predisposing factors. That is why stopping the progression of the pathological process and its independent reverse development is unlikely.
This is possible only in the case of grade 1 dysplasia and only if the factors that triggered the development of the disease are identified and eliminated. In this case, the woman is recommended to regularly (.
2 times per year
) undergo examination by a gynecologist and conduct a cytological examination. When disease progression is detected, it is recommended to immediately begin specific treatment. If there are no signs of dysplasia within 2 subsequent studies, cytology can be performed at normal frequency (
1 time for 2 – 3 years
), however, if pathological changes are re-identified (
The spontaneous disappearance of grade 2 and 3 cervical dysplasia occurs much less frequently, and the risk of developing cancer in this case is increased, therefore, if the disease is detected at this stage of development, it is recommended to immediately begin specific treatment.
Treatment for cervical dysplasia includes:
- cauterization;
- cryodestruction;
- laser treatment;
- radio wave treatment;
- photodynamic therapy;
- conization of the cervix;
- drug treatment;
- vitamin therapy;
- diet therapy;
- traditional methods treatment.
Cauterization of cervical dysplasia
To cauterize mild or moderate dysplasia, the electrocoagulation method can be used. The essence of the method is to destroy the pathologically changed area of the mucous membrane using electric current.
The procedure itself is performed under local anesthesia. After identifying pathologically changed areas and local anesthesia, the doctor touches the surface of the mucous membrane with a special electrode.
At the point of contact of the electrode with biological tissue, a zone of extreme high temperature, as a result of which all living cells are instantly destroyed and evaporated, which causes the therapeutic effect (.
removal of dysplasia
After the procedure is completed, the woman can go home, but if necessary (if any adverse reactions) she may remain in the hospital for several days.
After electrocoagulation, a woman should regularly visit a gynecologist to monitor the healing process of the postoperative wound.
The advantages of the electrocoagulation method include:
- Efficiency – allows you to remove the entire zone of dysplasia.
- No bleeding - when exposed to electric current, all damaged blood vessels are immediately blocked, so blood loss during the procedure is minimal.
- Availability of the method.
The disadvantages of the method include:
- A long recovery period is about 1.5 – 2 months.
- Impossibility of histological examination - during the procedure, the affected tissue is destroyed, which makes it impossible to examine it to determine the degree of dysplasia and identify other changes (for example, malignant cells).
- Low accuracy - during electrocoagulation it is impossible to accurately control the depth of tissue destruction.
Electrocoagulation is contraindicated:
- In the presence of genital herpes in the acute phase of development.
- In the presence of an acute infectious-inflammatory process in the vagina (possible spread of infection).
- During menstruation.
- For diseases associated with disorders of the blood coagulation system (in this case, special preparation may be required before performing the procedure).
Cryodestruction for cervical dysplasia
The essence of this method is to destroy a section of the mucous membrane of the cervix through exposure to extremely low temperatures (
liquid nitrogen or other substances can be used for this
). The method is indicated for mild dysplasia and is not recommended for use in moderate or severe dysplasia, since it is not always possible to control the depth of tissue damage.
The procedure itself lasts no more than 30 minutes and is performed under local anesthesia or without it at all. This is explained by the fact that when exposed to low temperatures, the pain nerve endings instantly freeze, as a result of which the patient does not feel pain.
After the necessary preparation, the doctor applies the active substance to the affected area of the mucous membrane for 2 to 4 minutes and then removes it. After the procedure, the woman can go home immediately, but regular preventive examinations are necessary over the next few weeks.
The advantages of the method include:
- Painless. Minor painful sensations may occur within 1–2 days after the procedure.
- Low morbidity. A strictly limited area of the mucous membrane is exposed to cold. Neighboring tissues are practically not damaged.
- Long recovery period. The healing time of a postoperative wound can be several months.
- High risk of relapse. With first-degree dysplasia, the risk of relapse (repeated exacerbation) is about 40%, while with second-degree dysplasia it is several times higher. This is explained by the fact that during the procedure, deeply located tissues are not completely frozen, as a result of which some pathologically altered cells may survive.
- Impossibility of subsequent histological examination of removed tissues.
Cryodestruction is absolutely contraindicated:
The method of treatment is selected depending on the degree of damage, concomitant diseases, the woman’s age, and her plans for having children.
Drug therapy
In the absence of symptoms, if a mild or moderate grade 2 pathology is detected, there are no serious health problems, the doctor often adheres to a wait-and-see approach.
If a woman has a strong enough immune system, then the body can cope with the effects of the virus, and dysplasia reverses until the atypical cells completely disappear.
A re-examination is done every 3-4 months. Treatment of concomitant gynecological diseases is carried out and an appointment is made birth control pills to restore hormonal balance.
If it is discovered that the process of cervical dysplasia reaches stage 2, after which the disease becomes protracted, without worsening the patient’s condition, then drug therapy is used with drugs that stimulate the strengthening of the immune system (immunomodulators, interferons).
Vitamins A, C, E, B6, B9, B12 are prescribed in the form complex drugs, also containing selenium, a trace element with anti-carcinogenic properties.
Consequences of cervical dysplasia
Timely initiation of treatment for dysplasia, combined with the elimination of factors that provoked the development of this pathology, can lead to a complete cure. At the same time, untimely, incomplete or inadequate treatment can lead to the development of serious complications.
Transition from cervical dysplasia to cancer
As mentioned earlier, dysplasia is a precancerous disease that can transform into cancer. The likelihood of developing cervical cancer with mild dysplasia is practically absent, while with grade 2 dysplasia it can reach 5–7%.
Grade 3 dysplasia is associated with an extremely high risk of developing cancer.
The following can contribute to the degeneration of dysplasia into cancer:
- Progressive viral infections– papillomavirus, herpetic, cytomegalovirus.
- Chronic inflammatory processes - with bacterial infections, for chlamydia, for trichomoniasis.
- Frequent trauma to the dysplasia area - for example, during repeated abortions or childbirth.
- Immunodeficiency states - with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, manifested by a pronounced weakening of the immune system), with the use of antitumor drugs that reduce the activity of the immune system.
The very moment of degeneration of dysplasia into cancer occurs unnoticed, which is its main danger. During the process of pathological degeneration, one of the atypical cells turns into a tumor cell, as a result of which it begins to divide continuously and repeatedly (
Prevention and prognosis for cervical dysplasia
Prevention can be primary or secondary. The goal of primary prevention is to prevent the development of the disease, while secondary prevention aimed at preventing relapses.
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Content
A balanced diet and good nutrition are the key to health. Violation of diet, insufficient supply of substances necessary for the body along with nutrition negatively affect the functioning of the immune system. As a result, a variety of diseases can occur.
Diet and balanced nutrition are of particular importance for the female reproductive system. Absence useful substances in nutrition causes hormonal imbalance, background and precancerous pathologies of the female genital organs.
One of the pathological conditions in which it is very important to follow a diet and adhere to proper nutrition is cervical dysplasia. Following a diet, knowing and using the basics of proper nutrition is a prerequisite for treatment.
Cervical dysplasia is considered a precancerous condition, which affects a significant number of women of predominantly reproductive age every year. Pathology is a dangerous condition of the cervix, since ignoring it can lead to the development of cervical cancer.
Cervical dysplasia is said to exist if structural changes in the epithelial cells were detected during the examination. These structural changes occur unnoticed by the woman, who continues to lead a normal lifestyle, often including poor nutrition.
Cervical dysplasia is typical for women in the reproductive cycle. According to statistics, pathology usually develops in women 25-35 years old.
Dysplasia is localized in a specific area of the cervix. In general, the cervix is the lower region of the uterine body. Inside is the cervical canal, which connects the uterus and vagina to each other.
It is known that the vagina is inhabited by various microorganisms that can cause inflammation. While the uterine cavity must be sterile, since this condition ensures the full development of the fetus. Thanks to the glands functioning in the cervical canal, harmful microflora cannot penetrate the uterine cavity.
The inside of the cervical canal is lined with cylindrical cells. Some form a single-layer epithelium of a reddish color. These cells contain mucus-producing glands. The consistency of mucus changes throughout the cycle under the influence of sex hormones.
It is noteworthy that the cervix includes two sections:
- supravaginal;
- vaginal.
The only area that can be examined by a gynecologist with the naked eye is the area adjacent to the vagina. The vaginal part of the cervix has a pale pink surface that is smooth to the touch. The flat cells that form it give this characteristic appearance to the epithelium.
The epithelium of the vaginal area of the cervix is multilayered.
- The basal layer is the deepest as it borders muscles, nerves and blood vessels. Its immature round cells include one large nucleus.
- The intermediate layer contains developing cells that are flattened with a reduced nucleus.
- The surface layer consists of old, mature cells. As cellular elements are shed, the epithelium has the opportunity to renew itself.
With the development of processes characteristic of dysplasia, cells become atypical And. They become different from the elements that should function in a certain layer. Atypical or atypical cells have different shapes, and the number of their nuclei can reach 4 units.
Degrees
In order to determine the severity of dysplasia, it is necessary to identify its degree. The degree reflects the changes that occur as the pathological condition develops.
Gynecologists note several degrees of cervical dysplasia.
- The mild degree is characterized by damage to the lower part of the epithelial layer.
- Moderate degree is characterized by the occurrence of a pathological process in half the thickness of the mucosa.
- Severe degree implies involvement of the entire epithelium.
Severe degree coincides with cervical cancer without signs of invasion into surrounding tissues. The combination of these pathologies in the classification is associated with some difficulties in their differentiation. Moreover, the diagnosis of grade 3 is similar in relation to non-invasive cancer.
The rate of dysplasia and its progression cannot be predicted. It is known that between mild degree and stage 1 cancer takes at least about five years. If we talk about a moderate course, the development of a malignant tumor can be expected after three years. Cervical cancer appears a year after dysplasia reaches grade 3.
However initial forms pathologies do not always progress. In young women, regression of atypia is observed in 90% of cases. The disappearance of dysplasia is possible at other stages, however, this is much less common.
Causes and symptoms
With timely detection and treatment, dysplasia can be completely cured. Accordingly, timely diagnosis of the pathological condition is essential.
At the basis of dysplasia, it is necessary to highlight the structural changes that arise due to the penetration of papilloma viruses into the cell. As a result of numerous studies, it has been proven that HPV can be considered the main cause of the formation of a precancerous condition.
Science knows several dozen subtypes of the papilloma virus. Some of them are completely safe from an oncological point of view, while other strains are most likely to cause cancer under unfavorable conditions.
However, infection with the papilloma virus alone is not enough for a malignant tumor of the cervix to appear. Certain changes must occur in the body, which are determined by the following provoking factors.
- Weakening of the immune system. Imbalances in the immune system can occur for numerous reasons. This mainly occurs due to poor nutrition and non-compliance with the diet. It is known that a lack of vitamins and microelements in the diet cannot ensure the proper functioning of the entire body.
- Features of maintaining an intimate life. The development of dysplasia is significantly influenced by early sexual activity, the presence of numerous partners, and the lack of barrier methods of contraception. In addition, diagnosed penile cancer and a partner’s failure to comply with personal hygiene rules also increase the risk of pathology. If a man does not pay enough attention to the cleanliness of the genitals, smegma accumulates, which is distinguished by its carcinogenic properties.
- Pregnancy and childbirth. The presence of multiple pregnancies and childbirth contributes to the development of atypia.
- Injuries to the cervical epithelium. Various surgical procedures contribute to ectropion and erosion. These benign pathologies increase the risk of developing dysplasia.
- Infections and inflammatory processes. Sexually transmitted infections such as herpes and chlamydia can lead to the appearance of a precancerous condition. Chronic inflammatory process genitals is also a risk factor.
- Poor environment and smoking. Unfavorable external conditions and bad habits may promote cellular degeneration.
In the development of cervical dysplasia, heredity plays a significant role. Dysplasia and cervical cancer more often develop in women with a family history.
The clinical picture in the presence of dysplasia does not differ in severe symptoms. Pathological discharge, cycle-related disorders, pain and discomfort indicate concomitant diseases that require diagnosis and treatment.
Examination and treatment tactics
The pathological condition is often detected randomly during a gynecological examination. When visually assessing the condition of the mucosa, the doctor may notice signs of dysplasia by uneven color and the presence of elevations and ulcers.
To confirm or refute the diagnosis, you must do the following:
- colposcopy in a simple and advanced way;
- biopsy;
- cytological examination;
- curettage of the cervical canal;
- PCR test for HPV.
The diagnosis is complemented by a smear for flora, bacterial culture, ultrasound of the pelvic organs and blood and urine tests.
The choice of treatment method depends on the severity of the pathology, the patient’s age and her reproductive plans. initial stage needs supervision. The patient follows a certain diet and pays attention to adequate nutrition, takes vitamins and immunomodulatory medications. In the absence of regression, especially if dysplasia is accompanied by erosion, cauterization is recommended:
- diathermocoagulation;
- cryodestruction;
- laser vaporization;
- chemical destruction;
- radio wave tactics.
The inflammatory process is stopped by taking medications, which are selected depending on the pathogen:
- antibiotics;
- antiseptics;
- antifungal drugs;
- antiviral treatment;
- wound healing and microflora restoring agents;
- vitamins and immunomodulatory therapy.
Moderate and severe cases require full surgical intervention. The patient is usually recommended conization of the cervix, which involves its cone-shaped excision. In some cases, high cervical amputation is performed.
Diet
Significant progress in treatment can be achieved by following a proper diet and sticking to the basics healthy eating. A diet that involves consuming a sufficient amount of substances necessary for the body and excluding harmful foods in the diet increases defenses and activates metabolic processes.
Vitamins
Vitamins are biologically active substances that play a synthetic and anabolic role and act as catalysts for biochemical reactions in the body. This means that some vitamins are necessary for the construction of molecules and cells, and some are necessary for the occurrence and implementation of vital biochemical reactions. Vitamins are necessary for the normal functioning of the body, as they ensure its adequate functioning. Vitamins in the diet activate the immune system, ensure tissue restoration, and prevent the development of diseases.
Usually, for any gynecological diseases, for example, background and precancerous processes, doctors prescribe a diet that includes certain vitamins.
- Vitamin A, as part of a balanced diet, has an immunomodulatory effect. It reduces the likelihood of dysplasia and cancer, and also promotes tissue healing processes after interventions.
- Folic acid or vitamin B9 is an essential dietary component. Folic acid is involved in the processes cell division. Its deficiency can provoke malignant formations.
- Ascorbic acid or vitamin C helps increase defenses and tissue restoration.
- Vitamin E reduces the risk of malignant tumors.
It is advisable to obtain the necessary substances as part of proper nutrition and a rational diet.. There are also vitamin complexes, for example, Triovit.
Conclusion
Experts note that there is no specific diet that could prevent malignant diseases or stop the pathological process. Nevertheless, a proper balanced diet helps improve health, and a variety of healthy dishes has antitumor activity due to the necessary set of nutrients, vitamins and microelements.
Considering the fact that an insufficient immune response plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of dysplasia, nutrition should be aimed at activating the immune system. To achieve this goal, you need to include the following foods and nutrients in your diet:
- polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are rich in fatty fish (salmon and mackerel), nuts and vegetable oils (linseed and sunflower);
- B vitamins, which are found in maximum quantities in the shells of grains (unrefined cereals), meat, soybeans, legumes, eggs, green vegetables and herbs;
- antioxidants (vitamins A, E, C).
Daily energy expenditure must correspond to the food consumed in terms of calories. Excess weight should not be allowed, since adipose tissue contains a large amount of estrogens. Hyperestrogenism causes growth malignant tumors in women's reproductive system, and since cervical dysplasia is a precancer, the woman’s body must be in hormonal balance. The diet should contain foods rich in phytoestrogens - these beneficial natural substances are similar in structure to human estradiol, but hormonal effect Dont Have. By the mechanism of competition, they bind to estrogen receptors in the genitals and prevent the negative effects of the natural hormone. Food and plants: celery, soybeans, legumes, cereals, hops, sage, chamomile.
Foods containing vitamins:
- A: sour cream, milk, cottage cheese, wild garlic, butter;
- B9: green vegetables and herbs, oranges, strawberries, buckwheat, walnuts, beans, banana;
- WITH: black currant, lemon, kiwi, radish, cauliflower, rose hips;
- E: vegetable oils, nuts, egg yolk, oats, wheat, barley, prunes, corn, green peas.
When following a healthy diet, you should pay attention to a diet that includes enough fresh fruits and vegetables. From your diet you should exclude salty, fried, fatty foods and semi-finished products as your main diet.
With cervical dysplasia, nutrition is important. A diet rich in beta-carotene, vitamin C and folic acid (vitamin B9) from fruits and vegetables, cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli are especially important in preventing cancer, including cervical cancer.
These simple tips can help reduce your risk of developing cervical dysplasia. However, if you have cervical dysplasia, you should ask your doctor before making any changes to your diet or taking any supplements.
Eat foods rich in calcium, including beans, almonds, and dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale.
Eat more cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower.
Eat foods rich in antioxidants, including fruits such as blueberries, cherries, and tomatoes, and vegetables such as pumpkin and bell peppers.
Avoid refined foods such as white bread, pasta and sugar.
Eat more lean meat, fish or beans as a source of protein.
Use healthy oils such as olive oil.
Reduce or eliminate trans fatty acids found in prepared baked goods such as cookies, crackers, cakes, French fries, processed donuts food products, as well as margarine.
Avoid caffeine, alcohol and tobacco.
Drink 6 - 8 glasses of filtered water per day.
Moderate exercise stress for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week.
Several population studies suggest that eating a diet rich in the following nutrients from fruits and vegetables may protect against the development of cervical cancer:
Beta carotene. Some controversial clinical research suggests that people who are deficient in beta-carotene may be more likely to develop cancerous or precancerous lesions on the cervix. Other studies show that taking beta-carotene as a dietary supplement may help reduce signs of cervical dysplasia. Despite these promising results, there is no evidence that using beta-carotene to prevent cervical dysplasia is effective.
Some researchers believe that supplemental beta-carotene may increase the risk of lung cancer, prostate cancer, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in people who smoke or have a history of high levels of asbestos exposure. Beta carotene from food does not carry this risk. Beta carotene may interfere with some statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs).
Folic acid (vitamin B9). Like beta-carotene, some evidence suggests that a lack of folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, may contribute to the development of cancerous and precancerous conditions of the cervix. Some researchers also believe that eating foods rich in folic acid may improve noticeable changes in cervical dysplasia by reducing homocysteine levels. The substance homocysteine is believed to contribute to the severity of cervical dysplasia. There is no clear evidence that eating more folate in your diet can help prevent or treat cervical dysplasia.
Indole-3-carbinol. This compound is derived from the cruciferous vegetable family such as cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts. One study found that taking 200 mg or 400 mg of indole-3-carbinol helped treat cervical dysplasia, but more research is needed. It is safe and very healthy to eat vegetables that contain this compound.
Omega-3. Omega-3 fatty acids such as fish fat 1 - 2 capsules or 1 tablespoon of olive oil daily can help reduce inflammation and improve general state health.
Multivitamins. Include in your daily diet a multivitamin complex containing antioxidant vitamins A, C, D, E, B-vitamins, including folic acid, and microelements such as magnesium, calcium, zinc and selenium.
Herbs. Using various herbs or herbal infusions a healthy approach to strengthening the body and treating illnesses. Herbs, however, can cause side effects and may interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For this reason, you should use herbs with caution.
If you have cervical dysplasia, consult your doctor before taking any herbs.
Green tea. Green tea extract (Camelia sinensis) is available in ointment or tablet form. Research has shown that green tea extract can reduce cervical dysplasia caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. But keep in mind that green tea can interact with a number of medicines, especially if the tea contains caffeine.
Turmeric. Turmeric Longa, a standardized extract, should be taken 300 mg 3 times daily for inflammation. Turmeric may increase the risk of bleeding. Pregnant women and people with gallstones or gallbladder disease should not take turmeric.
The article uses materials from open sources.
Cervical dysplasia is a condition characterized by abnormal cell growth on the surface of the cervix. The process of change in epithelial cells is a background precancerous condition and does not progress rapidly.
Cervical dysplasia is completely curable, especially in early stage diseases. And therefore, it is extremely important to regularly conduct gynecological examinations and consult a doctor in advance.
Symptoms: discharge with an unpleasant odor, itching of the genitals, burning of the genitals, the appearance of ichor after sexual intercourse.
Without timely treatment, 30 - 50% of cases of severe cervical dysplasia progress to invasive cancer.
The main method of treating cervical dysplasia is surgical removal pathological tissue, which is not always a safe method. Medicines are generally not used to treat cervical dysplasia.
When choosing how to treat cervical dysplasia, you should pay attention to the effectiveness and safety of treatment. There are many additional or alternative methods treatments that are effective and safe in treating this disease.
Research suggests that the development and progression of cervical dysplasia may be associated with certain nutritional deficiencies, including folate, beta-carotene and vitamin C.
Nutrition for dysplasia.
Changing your diet can greatly help you reduce your risk of developing cervical dysplasia.
- calcium-rich foods, including beans, almonds, and dark green leafy vegetables (such as spinach and kale).
Cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower.
Rich in antioxidants, including fruits (such as blueberries, cherries, tomatoes) and vegetables (such as squash and bell peppers).
Avoid refined foods such as white bread, pasta and sugar.
Eat less red meat and more lean meat and fish.
Eat more vegetable fats, such as olive oil or vegetable oil.
Reduce or completely eliminate your intake of trans fatty acids. This type of fat is found in commercial baked goods such as cookies, crackers, cakes, French fries, onion rings, donuts, processed foods, and margarine.
Avoid coffee and other stimulants, alcohol and tobacco.
Maintain a water intake of 6 - 8 glasses of filtered water per day.
Lead an active lifestyle, do exercises for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week.
Nutritional deficiencies can be supplemented with supplements such as:
Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, 1 - 2 capsules or 1 tablespoon of fat per day to help reduce inflammation and improve overall health.
A daily multivitamin containing antioxidant vitamins A, C, D, E, B vitamins, and trace minerals such as magnesium, calcium, zinc and selenium.
Folic acid plays an important role in the prevention of cervical dysplasia and should be in addition to taking a multivitamin.
Digestive enzymes, 1 - 2 tablets 3 times a day with meals.
Coenzyme Q10, 100 - 200 mg at night, for antioxidant and immune activity.
N-acetyl cysteine, 200 mg daily.
Acidophilus, 5 - 10 billion CFUs (colony forming units) for maintenance gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.
Grapefruit seed extract, 100 mg, 1 capsule, or 5 - 10 drops (in any drink) take 3 times a day. Has antibacterial and antifungal effects. Good for the gastrointestinal tract and strengthening the immune system.
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), 3000 mg twice daily, to help reduce inflammation.
Medicinal plants
Medicinal plants are a safe way to strengthen and tone all body systems. You can use herbs in the form of dry extracts, capsules, powder, tea, decoctions and tinctures.
To prepare tea, usually use 1 teaspoon of herb per glass of hot water (unless specified, special preparation for a particular herb). Leaves or flowers are poured with boiling water and infused for 5 - 10 minutes, roots for 10 - 20 minutes. Take 2 to 4 cups per day. You can use tinctures separately or combine them with other methods.
Green tea, 250 - 500 mg per day.
Cat's claw, 20 mg 3 times a day for inflammation and reduced immunity. Has antibacterial and antifungal effects.
Bromelain extract, 40 mg 3 times daily, for pain and inflammation.
Turmeric, 300 mg 3 times a day, for inflammation.
Reishi mushroom, 150 - 300 mg 2 - 3 times a day, for inflammation and reduced immunity. You can also make a tincture of this mushroom. Take 30 - 60 drops 2 - 3 times a day.
Research also shows that eating foods rich in nutrients such as beta-carotene and folic acid comes from fruits and vegetables. May protect and stop the development of cervical cancer.
Prognosis and complications.
Pap smears are necessary to detect precancerous lesions in the early stages of cervical cancer. Regular use of Pap smears is the most effective and reliable method for detecting cervical dysplasia.
Cervical cancer is the main complication of cervical dysplasia, and the leading cause of death from cervical cancer. This occurs in women who did not have a Pap smear and did not start treatment early in the disease. Cervical cancer accounts for more than 10% of cancers worldwide and is the second leading cause of death among women aged 15 to 34.
Early detection, treatment and consistent follow-up, in almost all cases, of cervical dysplasia gives positive results. Without treatment, cervical dysplasia progresses to cancer.
Women who have undergone treatment for cervical dysplasia have a lifelong risk of developing recurrence and malignancy.
This can be avoided by leading a healthy lifestyle and eating right.
The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!
Lidia Viktorovna asks:
Is a diet necessary during cervical dysplasia?
At cervical dysplasia It is recommended to stick to a vitamin-rich diet diets. Since one of the factors in the development of dysplasia is vitamin A deficiency ( or retinol) in a woman’s body, then, first of all, the diet should contain a large amount vitamin A or its predecessor - beta carotene.
This is due to the fact that vitamin A ensures the structural integrity of the epithelium in the body, including the epithelium of the cervical mucosa. Therefore, with its deficiency, those structural abnormalities in the epithelium that are characteristic of dysplasia occur.
Largest quantity vitamin A ( retinol) is found in the following products:
- liver ( chicken, beef, cod);
- granular caviar;
- chicken eggs;
- butter;
- fatty fish.
Liver (chicken, beef, cod).
The record holder for vitamin A content is beef or chicken liver. It contains 8.2 milligrams of vitamin per hundred grams of product. Considering that the recommended daily dose of retinol is 3.0 milligrams, then 40 grams of liver per day is enough to avoid a deficiency of this vitamin.One hundred grams of cod liver contains 4.4 milligrams of vitamin. To cover daily dose you need 70 grams of the liver of this fish.
Granular caviar.
Caviar is in second place in terms of vitamin A content.One hundred grams of caviar contains one milligram of retinol. Thus, three hundred grams of caviar per day provides the daily requirement of vitamin A.
Chicken eggs and butter.
One chicken egg contains a quarter of a milligram of retinol, and one hundred grams butter contains 0.4 milligrams of this vitamin.Beta carotene.
The precursor to vitamin A in the body is beta-carotene. It is an orange-colored plant pigment that gives the same color to the vegetables and fruits in which it is found. In the body, with the help of certain enzymes, it is transformed into active vitamin A.The maximum content of beta-carotene is found in plant foods, such as:
- fresh carrots;
- greenery ( parsley, dill, lettuce);
- pepper ( red and green);